| Introduction | p. XI |
| An Earthquake Early Warning System for the Romanian Capital | p. 1 |
| Abstract | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Examples and Design Principles | p. 2 |
| Design of an EWS for Bucharest | p. 4 |
| Cost-Benefit Analysis | p. 9 |
| A New Paradigm for Early Warning Systems | p. 10 |
| Conclusions | p. 11 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 11 |
| References | p. 11 |
| A Combined Geophysical/Engineering Approach for the Seismic Safety of Long-Span Bridges | p. 13 |
| Abstract | p. 13 |
| Introduction | p. 13 |
| Assessment of Site Effects | p. 15 |
| Data Acquisition | p. 15 |
| Data Analysis | p. 16 |
| Results | p. 16 |
| Ground Motion Scenarios | p. 18 |
| Vulnerability Assessment of Bridges | p. 22 |
| Modelling | p. 22 |
| Resonance Frequencies | p. 23 |
| Dynamic Simulations | p. 26 |
| Conclusions | p. 28 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 29 |
| References | p. 29 |
| Finite-Difference Simulations of the 1927 Jericho Earthquake | p. 31 |
| Abstract | p. 31 |
| Introduction | p. 31 |
| Earthquake Scenarios | p. 35 |
| Elastic and Computational Modeling Parameters | p. 36 |
| Discussion | p. 38 |
| Peak Ground Velocities | p. 38 |
| Spectral Accelerations | p. 40 |
| Summary | p. 43 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 44 |
| References | p. 44 |
| Nonlinear Seismology - The Seismology of the XXI Century | p. 47 |
| Abstract | p. 47 |
| Introduction | p. 48 |
| Geotechnical Evidence for Nonlinear Soil Behaviour | p. 48 |
| Constitutive and Dynamic Equations. Approximate Solutions of Wave Equations | p. 51 |
| Approximate Solutions of Wave Equations | p. 52 |
| Nonlinear SH Plane Waves Incident to a Solid-Solid Interface | p. 53 |
| Quantitative Evaluation of Nonlinearity | p. 57 |
| The Definition of the Spectral Amplification Factor (SAF) | p. 58 |
| Spectral Amplification Factors for Recent Strong Vrancea Earthquakes | p. 59 |
| Discussion | p. 63 |
| Conclusions | p. 65 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 66 |
| References | p. 66 |
| Small-Scale Mantle Plumes: Imaging and Geodynamic Aspects | p. 69 |
| Abstract | p. 69 |
| Introduction | p. 70 |
| Mantle Plumes | p. 71 |
| Observations | p. 76 |
| Eifel Plume | p. 78 |
| Seismological Anatomy | p. 78 |
| Excess Temperature and Buoyancy Flow | p. 84 |
| Comparison with Massif Central and Hawaii | p. 87 |
| Consequences and Discussion | p. 88 |
| Origin and Ascent | p. 88 |
| Scales of Plumes | p. 89 |
| Future Perspectives | p. 90 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 91 |
| References | p. 91 |
| Structure of the Upper Mantle Beneath Northern Eurasia Derived from Russian Deep-Seismic PNE Profiles | p. 95 |
| Abstract | p. 95 |
| Introduction: PNE Deep Seismic Sounding in Russia | p. 96 |
| The Upper Mantle Discontinuities at 660 and 520 km Depth | p. 98 |
| High-Frequency Scattering in the Uppermost Mantle | p. 104 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 109 |
| References | p. 110 |
| True Amplitudes: A Challenge in Reflection Seismology | p. 115 |
| Abstract | p. 115 |
| Introduction | p. 115 |
| Theory | p. 118 |
| The True-Amplitude Weight Function | p. 120 |
| Example | p. 122 |
| Conclusions | p. 125 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 125 |
| References | p. 125 |
| Imaging of Orebodies with Vertical Seismic Profiling Data | p. 127 |
| Abstract | p. 127 |
| Introduction | p. 128 |
| Description of the Problem | p. 130 |
| Scattering of the Elastic Wavefield | p. 131 |
| Spatial Ambiguity | p. 132 |
| Using Polarisation Information | p. 133 |
| A Synthetic Data Example | p. 135 |
| A Real Data Example | p. 138 |
| Conclusions | p. 140 |
| Acknowledgement | p. 142 |
| References | p. 142 |
| The Dead Sea Fault and Its Effect on Civilization | p. 145 |
| Abstract | p. 145 |
| Introduction | p. 146 |
| Crustal Structure | p. 146 |
| Evolution of Physiography | p. 150 |
| Ancient Hominids Out of Africa | p. 152 |
| Seismicity Along the Dead Sea Fault | p. 154 |
| Paleoseismic Record | p. 156 |
| Historical and Archeological Earthquake Record | p. 158 |
| Instrumental Record | p. 160 |
| Patterns of Seismicity | p. 160 |
| Example: Jericho | p. 161 |
| Discussion | p. 162 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 163 |
| References | p. 163 |
| Velocity Field of the Aegean-Anatolian Region from 3D Finite Element Models | p. 169 |
| Abstract | p. 169 |
| Introduction | p. 170 |
| Tectonic Development of the Eastern Mediterranean | p. 171 |
| Geophysical, Geological and Geodetic Observations | p. 172 |
| Model Geometry | p. 174 |
| Model Assumptions and Boundary Conditions | p. 174 |
| Model Rheology and Material Properties | p. 176 |
| Model Results | p. 177 |
| Model 1 with Linear Newton Viscosity | p. 178 |
| Model 2 and 3 with Non-linear Viscosity | p. 179 |
| Discussion and Conclusions | p. 181 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 184 |
| References | p. 184 |
| Monitoring of Slab Detachment in the Carpathians | p. 187 |
| Abstract | p. 187 |
| Introduction | p. 188 |
| Tectonic Overview | p. 190 |
| Geophysical Data | p. 191 |
| Seismicity | p. 192 |
| Geodynamic Model | p. 194 |
| Kinematic Gravity Modelling | p. 196 |
| Conclusions | p. 199 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 200 |
| References | p. 200 |
| Modelling of Descending Slab Evolution Beneath the SE-Carpathians: Implications for Seismicity | p. 203 |
| Abstract | p. 203 |
| Introduction: Vrancea Seismicity and Geodynamics | p. 204 |
| Shear Stress Evolution Induced by the Descending Vrancea Slab - A Corner Flow Model | p. 207 |
| Past, Present and Future of the Vrancea Slab Inferred from Numerical Models | p. 211 |
| Model Description | p. 212 |
| Evolution of the Descending Slab from the Late Miocene to the Present | p. 215 |
| Evolution of the Descending Slab after Slab Break-Off | p. 218 |
| Discussion and Conclusions | p. 220 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 221 |
| References | p. 222 |
| List of Reviewers | p. 225 |
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