Preface to the Second Edition | p. viii |
Acknowledgements | p. ix |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Where do we start? | p. 1 |
Premises | p. 2 |
Forms of rational justification | p. 3 |
Critiquing arguments | p. 6 |
Beyond demolition | p. 8 |
Becoming a philosopher | p. 9 |
Theory of Knowledge | p. 11 |
What is the theory of knowledge? | p. 11 |
Rationalism | p. 12 |
Empiricism | p. 15 |
Foundationalism | p. 17 |
The tripartite account of knowledge | p. 20 |
Against the tripartite account | p. 23 |
The nature of belief | p. 25 |
Scepticism concerning knowledge | p. 29 |
Scepticism concerning perception | p. 32 |
Realism | p. 36 |
Idealism | p. 36 |
Phenomenalism | p. 38 |
Kant and the Synthetic A Priori | p. 39 |
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis | p. 41 |
Objectivity and relativism | p. 43 |
Conclusion | p. 47 |
Moral Philosophy | p. 52 |
What is moral philosophy? | p. 52 |
The divisions of moral philosophy | p. 54 |
Morality and realism | p. 55 |
Non-cognitivism | p. 56 |
The role of reason | p. 57 |
Prescriptivism | p. 58 |
Deontological and consequentialist ethics | p. 61 |
Virtue ethics | p. 64 |
Utilitarianism | p. 66 |
Kantian ethics | p. 69 |
Aristotelian ethics | p. 71 |
Animal rights | p. 72 |
Abortion | p. 74 |
Euthanasia | p. 76 |
Approaches to applied ethics | p. 77 |
Conclusion | p. 78 |
Philosophy of Mind | p. 81 |
What is the philosophy of mind? | p. 81 |
Dualism | p. 83 |
Arguments against dualism | p. 85 |
Behaviourism | p. 88 |
Arguments against behaviourism | p. 91 |
Physicalism | p. 93 |
Functionalism | p. 95 |
Non-reductive materialism and epiphenomenalism | p. 98 |
Eliminativism | p. 101 |
Other minds | p. 103 |
Personal identity | p. 105 |
Personhood | p. 109 |
The problem of free will | p. 112 |
Conclusion | p. 115 |
Philosophy of Religion | p. 120 |
What is the philosophy of religion? | p. 120 |
What is God? | p. 121 |
The problem of evil | p. 122 |
Faith and reason | p. 124 |
Betting on God | p. 127 |
The status of religious language | p. 128 |
The ontological argument | p. 131 |
The cosmological argument | p. 133 |
The teleological argument | p. 134 |
Religious experience | p. 137 |
Miracles | p. 140 |
God and morality | p. 142 |
Conclusion | p. 143 |
Political Philosophy | p. 147 |
What is political philosophy? | p. 147 |
Liberalism | p. 148 |
Socialism | p. 150 |
Conservatism | p. 152 |
Anarchism | p. 154 |
Freedom | p. 156 |
Justice | p. 159 |
Rights | p. 162 |
Tolerance | p. 164 |
The justification of the state and its authority | p. 168 |
Laws and law-breaking | p. 170 |
Justifications for punishment | p. 172 |
Conclusion | p. 174 |
Aesthetics | p. 178 |
What is aesthetics? | p. 178 |
What counts as art? | p. 178 |
Art as imitation | p. 181 |
Conventions and representation | p. 183 |
Art as expression | p. 185 |
Art as form | p. 188 |
Art and society | p. 190 |
Authorship and meaning | p. 194 |
Art and morality | p. 196 |
Conclusion | p. 199 |
Glossary | p. 204 |
Further Reading | p. 205 |
Index | p. 206 |
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