List of Contributors ix
Foreword xi
J. Perry Gustafson and Peter H. Raven
Section 1 Perspectives of Gene Flow 1
Chapter 1 Potential Environmental Impacts of Transgene Flow
in Rice with a Particular View on Herbicide Resistance 3
Bao-Rong Lu and Wei Wang
Introduction 3
Transgene Escape and Its Potential Environmental Impacts 4
Herbicide-Resistant Rice 8
Gene Flow from Herbicide-Resistant Rice and Its Potential
Impacts 12
Managing Potential Environmental Impacts from Transgene Flow
17
Conclusion 19
Acknowledgments 20
References 20
Chapter 2 Assessment and Detection of Gene Flow 27
Wei Wei, Charles Kwit, Reginald J. Millwood, Hong S. Moon,
and C. Neal Stewart Jr.
Importance of Assessment and Detection of Gene Flow 27
Detection Methodologies 29
Applications in Assessment of Gene Flow 35
Perspectives 36
Acknowledgments 37
References 37
Chapter 3 Bt Resistance Monitoring in European Corn Borers
and Western Corn Rootworms 43
Blair D. Siegfried and Terence Spencer
Introduction 43
Resistance Monitoring 44
Bioassay Methods and Baseline Susceptibility 47
Recent Developments 49
Conclusions 51
Acknowledgments 52
References 52
Chapter 4 Commercialization of GMOs: the Company Perspective
on Risks and Containment 57
Kater Hake
Commercialization of Traits Derived from Plant Biotechnology
(GMOs and Alien Chromosome Introgression) 57
Gene Containment During the Commercial Utilization of Crops
Derived from Biotechnology 60
Gene Containment During Research, Development, and Seed
Production 62
Stewardship and Gene Containment 63
References 65
Section 2 Strategies for Gene Containment 67
Chapter 5 Trait Control (Gene Switch Technology) 69
M. Isabel Ordiz, Jaemo Yang, and Roger N. Beachy
Components of Gene Switch Systems 69
Application of Gene Switch Technologies 75
Future Perspectives 79
References 80
Chapter 6 Male Sterility and Hybrid Plant Systems for Gene
Confinement 85
Albert P. Kausch, Joel Hague, Adam Deresienski, Michael
Tilelli, and Kimberly Nelson
Introduction 85
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility 86
Transgenic Nuclear Male Sterility 87
Transgenic Nuclear Male Sterility for Gene Confinement 89
Male Sterility for Recovery of Wide Crosses with Gene
Confinement 90
Hybrid Plant Systems 92
Seed-Based Hybrid Plant Systems 92
Gene-Deletor System 92
Male and Female Sterile Lines 94
Total Sterility 95
Stable Knockout Mutations 96
References 96
Chapter 7 Gene-Deletor Technology and Its Potential
Applications in Addressing Gene Flow and Food Safety Concerns over
Transgenic Plants 101
Yi Li, Hui Duan, Yongqin Chen, and Richard McAvoy
Introduction 101
The Principle of Gene-Deletor Technology and Supporting
Experimental Data 102
Characteristics and Requirements of Gene-Deletor Technology
105
Potential Applications of Gene-Deletor Technology 107
Conclusions and Perspectives 109
Acknowledgments 110
References 110
Chapter 8 Seed-Based Gene Containment Strategies 113
Melvin J. Oliver and Kater Hake
Seedless Crops 114
Seed-Based Containment 115
GeneSafe (Technology Protection System (TPS)) Technology 117
Expression Cascades for Gene Containment 120
References 123
Chapter 9 Transgenic Mitigation of Transgene Dispersal by
Pollen and Seed 125
Jonathan Gressel and Hani Al-Ahmad
Introduction?Containers Leak 125
Mitigation?The Concept of Conferring a Selective
Disadvantage Outside of Cultivation 128
Evidence That TM Mitigates Transgene Establishment 133
Tailoring Mitigator Genes to Crops and Cropping Situation
137
Concluding Remarks 142
References 142
Chapter 10 Tapping RNA Silencing for Transgene Containment
through the Engineering of Sterility in Plants 147
Zongrang Liu and Stacy D. Singer
Introduction 147
References 166
Chapter 11 Control of Cleistogamy and Seed Dormancy for
Biological Gene Containment in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
175
Sabine Gruber and Alexandra H¨usken
Introduction 175
Pathways of Gene Flow in Oilseed Rape 176
Managing Gene Flow in Oilseed Rape 184
Combining Biological Measures Package for Gene Containment
191
Conclusion 192
Acknowledgments 192
References 192
Index 199
A color plate section appears between pages 114 and 115
