Plasma Discharge in Liquid

Introduction Background Plasma Generation in Nature and in the Laboratory Needs for Plasma Water Treatment Conventional Water Treatment Technologies Chlorination In-Line Filters Pulsed Electric Field Ultraviolet Radiation Ozonation Plasma in Liquids Mechanisms of Plasma Discharges in Liquids Application of Plasma Discharges in Water Generation of Plasma in Liquid Introduction Partial and Full Discharges in Liquid Thermal Breakdown Mechanism Production of Reactive Species, UV, and Shock Wave by Electrical Discharges in Liquid Underwater Plasma Sources Direct Discharges in Liquid Bubble Discharges in Liquid Bubble and Electronic Initiation Mechanism Introduction Electrical Breakdown in Gas Phase The Townsend Breakdown Mechanism Spark Breakdown Mechanism Electron Avalanche for Electrical Breakdown in Liquid Phase Dense Gas Approximation Semiconductor Approximation "Bubble Theory" for Electric Breakdown in Liquid Bubble Formation: Interface Processes Bubble Formation: Joule Heating Bubble Formation: Preexisting Bubbles Streamer Propagation Electrostatic Model Thermal Mechanism Stability Analysis of the Streamers Electrostatic Pressure Surface Tension Hydrodynamic Pressure Nanosecond and Subnanosecond Discharge in Water Fast Imaging of Nanosecond and Subnanosecond Discharge in Water Ionization of Liquid by E-Impact Chance of Voids Formation Decontamination of Volatile Organic Compounds Introduction Conventional Technologies Mechanism of Plasma Treatment of VOCs Decomposition of Methanol and Ethanol Decomposition of Aromatic Compounds Decomposition of Chlorine-Containing Compounds Decoloration of Dyes in Wastewater Decomposition of Freons (Chlorofluorocarbons) Cleaning of SO2 with Nonthermal Plasma Acidic Water Case (pH < 6.5) Neutral and Basic Water Cases (pH > 6.5) Biological Applications Plasma Water Sterilization Previous Studies of Plasma Water Sterilization New Developments in Plasma Water Sterilization Plasma Species and Factors for Sterilization Comparison of Different Plasma Discharges for Water Sterilization Blood Treatment Using Nonthermal Plasma In Vitro Blood Coagulation Using Nonthermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma In Vivo Blood Coagulation Using DBD Plasma Mechanisms of Blood Coagulation Using Nonthermal Plasma Cooling Water Treatment Using Plasma Introduction Self-Cleaning Filtration Technology with Spark Discharge Calcium Carbonate Precipitation with Spark Discharge Effect of Plasma on Cooling Water Effect of Spray Circulation on Hardness of Cooling Water Mechanism of Plasma-Induced Calcium Precipitation Economic Analysis of Plasma Water Treatment Application for Mineral Fouling Mitigation in Heat Exchangers Fouling Resistance: Validation Study Visualization of the Calcium Carbonate Particles Cycle of Concentration References Index