Contributors xxiii
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgments xxix
1 Introduction 1
K. Justin Davis, Sunita Choudhary, and Tanmoy Rana
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Global Distribution 1
1.3 Advantages of Goat Rearing 1
1.4 Goat Milk and Products 2
1.5 Chevon 3
1.6 Fiber and Other Products 4
1.7 Goat Production System 4
1.8 Constraints in Goat Farming 4
1.9 Economics of Disease in Goats 4
1.10 Goat Diseases and Public Health 5
1.11 Prevention of Disease 5
Multiple-Choice Questions 6
References 7
2 Nutrition and Management of Goats 9
Rohit Kumar
2.1 Essential Nutrients for Goats 9
2.1.1 Protein 9
2.1.2 Carbohydrates 9
2.1.3 Fats 10
2.7 Conclusion 18
Multiple-Choice Questions 18
References 19
Further Reading 19
3 Handling and Restraining of Goats 21
Falguni Mridha
3.1 Purposes of Handling and Restraining 21
3.2 Basics of Animal Behavior Associated with Handling 21
3.2.1 Experience of Handler 22
Multiple-Choice Questions 28
References 30
4 Clinical Findings of Diseases of Goats 33
Sunita Choudhary, K. Justin Davis, G.K. Chetan Kumar, and Pratishtha Sharma
4.1 Diagnosis of Skin Diseases by Clinical Findings 33
4.1.1 Pruritus 33
4.1.2 Hyperkeratosis 34
4.1.3 Abscesses, Nodules, Scales, and Crust 34
4.1.4 Alopecia 34
4.1.5 Pigmentary Changes 35
Multiple-Choice Questions 45
References 47
5 Collection, Preservation, Processing, and Dispatch of Clinical Material of Goats 49
Gauri A. Chandratre
5.1 Why Are Samples Collected? 49
5.2 Who Should Collect the Samples? 50
5.3 Sample Collection and Emergency Preparedness 50
5.4 Various Samples and Sample Collection Methods from Diseased Goats 50
Multiple-Choice Questions 60
References 61
6 Parasitic Diseases of Goats 63
G.K. Chetan Kumar
6.1 Common Trematode Diseases of Goats 63
6.1.1 Fasciolosis 63
6.1.2 Dicrocoeliosis in Goats 65
6.1.3 Paramphistomiasis in Goats 66
6.2 Common Tapeworm Diseases of Goats 67
Multiple-Choice Questions 76
References 77
7 Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, and Chlamydia Diseases of Goats 79
Ranjani Rajasekaran, Hridya Susan Varughese, Padmanath Krishnan, and Panikkaparambil Shilpa
7.1 Mycoplasma 79
7.1.1 Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia 79
7.1.1.1 History 79
Multiple-Choice Questions 91
References 93
Further Readings 93
Mycoplasma 93
Rickettsia 94
Chlamydia 94
8 Bacterial Diseases of Goats 95
Vipin Maurya
8.1 Anthrax 95
8.1.1 Etiology 95
8.1.2 Clinical Features 95
Multiple-Choice Questions 109
References 110
9 Fungal Diseases of Goats 111
Pardeep Sharma and Tanmoy Rana
9.1 Fundamentals of Fungal Diseases of Goats 111
9.2 Dermatophytosis in the Goat: Ringworm, Tinea 111
9.2.1 Etiology 111
9.9 Conclusion 124
Multiple-Choice Questions 124
References 125
10 Viral Diseases of Goats 127
Abha Tikoo, Savleen Kour, and Rajesh Agrawal
10.1 Peste des Petits Ruminants 127
10.2 Goat Pox 128
10.3 Foot and Mouth Disease 130
10.4 Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis 131
10.5 Rabies 132
Multiple-Choice Questions 133
References 134
11 Transboundary, Emerging, and Exotic Diseases of Goats 137
Subir Singh
11.1 Peste des Petits Ruminants 138
11.1.1 Etiology and Epidemiology 139
11.1.2 Transmission 140
11.1.3 Clinical Findings 140
11.6 Conclusion 152
Multiple-Choice Questions 152
References 153
12 Production Diseases of Goats 155
Gaurav Charaya, Jasleen Kaur, Chinmoy Maji, and Tanmoy Rana
12.1 Body Condition Scoring in Goats and Its Significance in Relation to Production Diseases 155
12.2 Factors Affecting Nutritional Requirements in Goats 155
12.3 Major Production Diseases Encountered in Goats 156
Multiple-Choice Questions 163
References 164
Further Reading 164
13 Poisoning in Goats 165
Kamlesh A. Sadariya, Shailesh K. Bhavsar, and Tamanna H. Solanki
13.1 Toxic Plant Poisoning 166
13.1.1 Lantana camara Poisoning 167
13.1.2 Cyanogenic Glycoside/Cyanide Poisoning 168
13.1.3 Subabul Poisoning 168
13.11 Conclusion 176
Multiple-Choice Questions 177
References 178
14 Genetic Diseases of Goats 183
Simant Kumar Nanda
14.1 Congenital Abnormalities 184
14.1.1 Congenital Abnormalities of Joints and the Skeleton 184
14.1.2 Akabane Virus (Bunyavirus) 184
14.1.3 Hereditary Chondrodysplasia (Spider Lamb Syndrome) 185
14.18 Conclusion 193
Multiple-Choice Questions 193
References 194
15 Protozoan Diseases in Goats 195
Vikrant Sudan, Deepak Sumbria, and Rabjot Kour
15.1 Babesiosis 195
15.1.1 Life Cycle 195
15.1.2 Pathogenesis 196
15.1.3 Symptoms 196
Multiple-Choice Questions 204
References 205
16 Metabolic Diseases in Goats 207
Antonio C.L. Câmara and Benito Soto-Blanco
16.1 Polioencephalomalacia 207
16.1.1 Etiology 207
16.1.2 Clinical Signs 208
16.1.3 Ancillary Diagnostic Tests 208
Multiple-Choice Questions 218
References 219
17 Nutritional Deficiency Diseases in Goats 221
Chinmoy Maji, Suman Biswas, and Jasleen Kaur
17.1 Deficiency of Water 221
17.2 Deficiency of Energy 222
17.3 Deficiency of Protein 223
Multiple-Choice Questions 233
References 234
18 Diagnostic Techniques in Goats 237
Mohammad I. Yatoo, Oveas R. Parray, Rather I. Ul Haq, and Mohsina Mushtaq
18.1 Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases 237
18.1.1 Case History 237
18.1.2 Clinical Signs 237
18.1.3 Physical Examination 237
Multiple-Choice Questions 248
References 249
19 Management of Pain from Surgery and Lameness in Goats 251
Joe S. Smith and Pierre-Yves Mulon
19.1 Pathophysiology of Pain 251
19.2 Arthritis 251
19.3 Recognition of Pain 252
19.4 Analgesics Available 252
19.4.1 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 252
19.4.1.1 Flunixin Meglumine 255
19.4.1.2 Meloxicam 255
19.4.1.3 Other Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 255
19.4.2 Opioids 255
19.4.2.1 Morphine 256
19.4.2.2 Butorphanol 256
19.4.2.3 Fentanyl 256
19.4.2.4 Other Opioids 256
19.4.3 α 2 Adrenergic Agonists 256
19.4.4 Ketamine 257
19.4.5 Gabapentin 258
19.5 Non-pharmacological Therapies 258
19.6 Regulatory Concerns 258
19.7 Strategies for Analgesia in Goats 258
19.7.1 Preoperative Analgesia 258
19.7.2 Epidural 258
19.7.3 Regional Local Anesthesia 260
19.7.4 Topical Agents 261
19.8 Management of Osteoarthritis 261
19.9 Future Directions 261
19.10 Conclusion 262
Multiple-Choice Questions 262
References 264
20 Antimicrobial Resistance in Goat Production Practices 267
Bhupamani Das, Kruti Debnath Mandal, Abhinav Suthar and Chinmoy Maji
20.1 Causes of Antimicrobial Resistance 267
20.1.1 Indiscriminate Use of Drugs 267
20.1.2 Unchecked Antimicrobial Dosage 268
20.1.3 Inadequate Diagnostics 268
20.1.4 Veterinary Practitioners 268
20.1.5 Poor Hygiene and Sanitation Practices 268
20.1.6 Lack of Effective Preventive and Control Strategies 269
20.1.7 Poor Surveillance and Monitoring 269
20.2 Types of Antimicrobial Resistance 269
20.2.1 Natural Resistance 269
20.2.2 Acquired Resistance 269
20.2.3 Side Resistance 270
20.2.4 Cross-Resistance 270
20.2.5 Multiple Resistance or Multiple Drug Resistance 270
20.3 Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance 270
20.3.1 Natural Resistance 270
20.3.1.1 Permeability Barrier 270
20.3.1.2 Biofilm Formation 271
20.3.2 Acquired Resistance 271
20.3.2.1 Vertical Gene Transfer 271
20.3.2.2 Horizontal Gene Transfer 271
20.4 Barriers to Effective Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance 273
20.5 Present Status of Antimicrobial Resistance in Goat Production Practices 279
20.6 Conclusion 279
Multiple-Choice Questions 279
References 280
21 Prevention and Control Strategy in Combating Diseases of Goats 285
Amita Tiwari, Shivangi Udainiya, and Tanmoy Rana
21.1 Control of Infectious Diseases 285
21.1.1 Biosecurity Measures 285
21.1.2 Vaccination 288
21.2 Control of Endoparasites/Internal Parasites 290
21.2.1 Nematodes 290
21.2.2 Cestodes 290
21.2.3 Trematodes 290
21.2.4 Lungworms 291
21.2.5 Deworming Schedule for Goats 291
21.2.6 Common Measures for Control of Endoparasites 291
21.3 Control of Ectoparasites/External Parasites 292
21.3.1 Ticks 292
21.3.1.1 Treatment, Prevention, and Control of Ticks 293
21.3.2 Lice 293
21.3.2.1 Treatment and Control of Lice Infestation 293
21.3.3 Mites 293
21.3.3.1 Psoroptic Mange 293
21.3.3.2 Sarcoptic Mange 294
21.3.3.3 Demodectic Mange 294
21.3.3.4 Control and Treatment Strategy for Mange Mites 294
21.4 Control of Protozoal Infections 294
21.4.1 Coccidiosis 294
21.4.1.1 Treatment and Control of Coccidiosis 294
21.4.2 Cryptosporidiosis 295
21.4.3 Toxoplasmosis 296
21.5 Diseases of Nutrition and Metabolism 296
21.5.1 Mineral Deficiencies 296
21.5.2 Vitamin Deficiencies 296
21.5.3 Milk Fever 296
21.5.4 Grass Tetany 297
21.5.5 Ruminal Acidosis 297
21.6 Poisonous Plants 297
21.7 Pregnancy Toxemia 297
Multiple-Choice Questions 298
References 298
Answers 299
Index 321
