Private Sector Involvement in Urban Solid Waste Collection

1 Evolving Management of Urban Solid Waste Services 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Problems and Challenges of Solid Waste Collection in Developing Countries 1.3 Private Sector Involvement in Solid Waste Market 1.4 Does Private Sector Deliver Efficient and Quality Solid Waste Service? 1.5 Private Sector Involvement in Sustainable Solid Waste Management 1.6 Coverage of Solid Waste Collection in Ghana 1.7 Research Problem 1.8 Research Objectives 1.9 Relevance of the Research 1.10 Organisation of the Thesis 2 Institutional and Regulatory Context of Solid Waste Management in Ghana 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Elements and Actors of Solid Waste Management 2.3 Institutional Structures for Solid Waste Management in Ghana 2.3.1 Institutional Structures for Local Service Delivery 2.3.2 Decentralisation of Public Services and Governance 2.4 Legal, Regulatory and Policy Frameworks of Solid Waste Management 2.4.1 Legal and Regulatory Frameworks 2.4.2 Policy Framework 2.4.3 Formal rules for Regulating Private Sector Involvement 2.5 Conclusion 3 Theoretical Framework of Private Sector Involvement in Solid Waste Service Provision 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Government and Market Failures in Public Service Delivery 3.2.1 Government failures in solid waste collection service 3.2.2 Characteristics of Market Failures of Solid Waste Collection Service 3.3 Market Mechanisms for Public Service Provision 3.3.1 New Public Management and Managerialism 3.3.2 Markets for Public Service Provision 3.4 Theoretical Issues on Private Sector Involvement 3.4.1 Forms of Private Sector Involvement in Solid Waste Service 3.4.2 Rationale for Private Sector Involvement in Public Services 3.4.3 Public-Private-Community Partnerships and Households Involvement 3.4.4 Evidence of Private Sector Efficiency and Service Quality 3.5 Theoretical Issues on Explanatory Factors of Private Sector Performance 3.5.1 Factors Explaining Private Sector Performance 3.5.2 Regulation of Service Provision 3.5.3 Internal Factors of Private Sector Performance -- Capacity of companies 3.6 Enabling Environment for Improving Service Performance 3.6.1 Theoretical Case of Enabling Environment for Service Provision 3.6.2 Private Sector Capacity, Responsiveness to Users and Accountability for Results 3.7 Research Hypotheses and Theoretical Framework 3.7.1 Research Gaps and Issues 3.7.2 Research Hypotheses 3.7.3 Theoretical Framework 3.7.4 Framework for Analysing Sustainable Solid Waste Management 3.7.5 Analytical Framework 3.8 Conclusions 4 Research Methodology 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Research Strategy and Operationalisation of Variables 4.3 The Study Areas, Data Collection Instruments and Data Analysis 4.3.1 The Study Areas and Unit of Analysis 4.3.2 Data Collection Instruments 4.3.3 Data Analysis 4.4 Conclusion 5 Evolving Practices of Involving Private Sector and Households in Service Provision 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Evolving Involvement of Private Sector in Solid Waste Collection Service 5.2.1 Evolving Technologies and Service Levels 5.2.2 Zoning of cities into service areas for private sector involvement 5.2.3 Evolving Trend and Forms of Private Sector Involvement 5.2.4 Trend in Solid Waste Collection Coverage and Service Level 5.3 Households' Involvement in Solid Waste Collection 5.3.1 Cost Recovery and Willingness-to-pay 5.3.2 Households' Awareness of Waste Minimization 5.4 Conclusion 6 Private Sector Performance: Productivity and Service Quality in Solid Waste Collection 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Productivity and Efficiency Analysis 6.3 Variations in Productivity and Efficiency 6.4 Factors Influencing Productivity and Efficiency of Companies 6.5 Service Quality of Companies 6.6 Factors Influencing Service Quality of Companies 6.7 Conclusions 7 Private Sector Capacity: Scale of Operations and Capability of Companies 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Influence of Scale of Operation on Performance 7.3 Influence of Capability of Companies on Performance 7.4 Conclusions 8 Regulation of Private Sector Involvement in Solid Waste Collection 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Regulation by Contract and Competitive Bidding 8.2.1 Scope of Services and Contract of Solid Waste Collection 8.2.2 Competitive Bidding, Contract Duration and Renewal 8.3 Regulatory Mechanisms and Adherence to Contract Obligations 8.3.1 Regulation of Access to Information 8.3.2 Regulation of Unit Price, User Charges and Cost Recovery 8.3.3 Regulation of Quality of Service and Contract Monitoring 8.3.4 Assembly's Adherence to Contract Obligations 8.3.5 Enforcement of Legislation and Sanctions 8.3.6 Company's Contractual Obligations 8.4 Regulatory Control and Strategies 8.4.1 Regulatory Capacity and Autonomy of Assemblies 8.4.2 Regulatory Policy and Control Instruments 8.4.3 Regulatory Strategies and Incentives 8.5 Conclusions