Dedication | p. v |
Preface | p. vii |
Acknowledgements | p. ix |
List of Tables | p. xv |
List of Figures | p. xvii |
Protein Bioseparation: An Overview | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Proteins | p. 1 |
Protein products | p. 2 |
The requirement for protein bioseparation | p. 3 |
Economic aspects of protein bioseparation | p. 5 |
Protein bioseparation methods | p. 5 |
Ultrafiltration: An Overview | p. 13 |
Introduction | p. 13 |
Applications of ultrafiltration | p. 13 |
Advantages of ultrafiltration | p. 15 |
Membranes | p. 19 |
Introduction | p. 19 |
Membrane material and chemistry | p. 19 |
Membrane structure and morphology | p. 21 |
Membrane preparation | p. 23 |
Driving force in membrane separation processes | p. 24 |
Membrane characterisation | p. 26 |
Membrane Module and Operation | p. 33 |
Membrane elements and modules | p. 33 |
Mode of operation | p. 44 |
Membrane Fouling | p. 47 |
Introduction | p. 47 |
Fouling mechanisms | p. 48 |
Chemistry of adsorption | p. 51 |
Initial and long-term fouling | p. 52 |
Effect of concentration polarisation on fouling | p. 54 |
Effect of permeate flux on fouling, and the critical flux concept | p. 54 |
Effect of physicochemical parameters on fouling | p. 54 |
Permeate Flux in Ultrafiltration | p. 57 |
Permeate flux | p. 57 |
Enhancement of permeate flux | p. 63 |
Fouling control | p. 68 |
Protein Transmission Through Ultrafiltration Membranes | p. 75 |
Protein size | p. 75 |
Protein transmission | p. 75 |
Selectivity of Protein Fractionation in Ultrafiltration | p. 87 |
Selectivity | p. 87 |
Enhancement of selectivity | p. 89 |
Protein Concentration | p. 91 |
Introduction | p. 91 |
Solute retention | p. 92 |
Permeate flux and fouling in concentration processes | p. 94 |
Modules | p. 95 |
Mode of operation | p. 96 |
Applications | p. 101 |
Diafiltration of Protein Solutions | p. 105 |
Introduction | p. 105 |
Permeate flux and fouling in diafiltration | p. 105 |
Modules | p. 107 |
Mode of operation | p. 108 |
Applications | p. 108 |
Protein Clarification | p. 111 |
Introduction | p. 111 |
Protein transmission | p. 111 |
Permeate flux and fouling in protein clarification | p. 112 |
Particle transmission through UF membrane | p. 112 |
Modules | p. 113 |
Mode of operation | p. 114 |
Applications | p. 118 |
Protein Fractionation | p. 121 |
Introduction | p. 121 |
Challenges facing ultrafiltration based protein fractionation | p. 121 |
Selectivity enhancement | p. 123 |
Thumb rules for protein fractionation | p. 133 |
Application areas | p. 135 |
New Developments | p. 145 |
New membranes | p. 145 |
New membrane modules | p. 146 |
Rapid process optimisation techniques | p. 147 |
New modes of operation | p. 148 |
Glossary of Membrane Terminology | p. 155 |
List of Membrane Manufacturers | p. 163 |
Websites of Membrane Related Academic and Research Institutions | p. 165 |
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