Protogaea

By: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Claudine Cohen (Translator), Andre Wakefield (Translator)

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Hardcover | 1 March 2008 | Edition Number 1

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"Protogaea," an ambitious account of terrestrial history, was central to the development of the earth sciences in the eighteenth century and provides key philosophical insights into the unity of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's thought and writings. In the book, Leibniz offers observations about the formation of the earth, the actions of fire and water, the genesis of rocks and minerals, the origins of salts and springs, the formation of fossils, and their identification as the remains of living organisms. "Protogaea "also includes a series of engraved plates depicting the remains of animals--in particular the famous reconstruction of a "fossil unicorn"--together with a cross section of the cave in which some fossil objects were discovered.
Though the works of Leibniz have been widely translated, "Protogaea" has languished in its original Latin for centuries. Now Claudine Cohen and Andre Wakefield offer the first English translation of this central text in natural philosophy and natural history. Written between 1691 and 1693, and first published after Leibniz's death in 1749, "Protogaea "reemerges in this bilingual edition with an introduction that carefully situates the work within its historical context.

Industry Reviews

"Historically, this is a very influential book that has finally been brought out of obscurity for readers of English. Essential." - Choice "Protogaea gives us a much fuller picture of science and culture in the territories of the Holy Roman Empire at a crucial time in its history. Cohen and Wakefield are to be commended for their hard work in making it possible for the Protogaea to reach the audience it deserves." - H-Net Review"

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Non-Fiction Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning Earth Sciences Geology & The Lithosphere Palaeontology Science Science in General History of Science Philosophy of Science History Philosophy

Acknowledgments
Introduction
Protogaea
Preamble
The first formation of the earth through fire
Different opinions concerning the creation of the globe
Sea salt, fires, and cycles of precipitation
The many changes in our globe after its initial creation
What was the source of the water that covered the earth? And where did it go?
Bructerus and the origin of springs
Deposits of metal in the earth and a description of veins
The generation of minerals explained through chemistry
Products common to laboratories and mines
The generation of precious stones, natural and artificial
Natural sublimations and the preparation of sal ammoniac
It is through fire that metals appear in their proper forms
Some bodies owe their form to the movement of waters
Some bodies coalesce in the waters
Kinds of tuff stone formed by dripping water
Some things arise from the combined action of heat and water
Where do the shapes of various fish imprinted on slates come from?
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and other things show that there is fire inside our globe
The forms of fish imprinted on slate come from real fish, and are not games of nature
The different layers of the earth, their locations, and the origin of salts and salt waters
The origin of mountains and hills explained through waters, winds, and earthquakes
Marine shells are found throughout our region and elsewhere
The various kinds of shells were not created inside the stone, as is evident from their forms and positions
The shells and bones of excavated marine animals can be identified as the parts of real animals
In ancient times, nearby seas contained animals and shellfish that are no longer found there
Glossopetrae, asterias, trochites, etc., are the remains of marine animals, and not games of nature
But it is wrong to include the polygonal shapes that can be found in crystals among these
In which a certain lazy ingenuity, which invents things alien to truth, is rejected
Where can the Lüneburg glossopetrae be found?
Glossopetrae are sharks’ teeth
The medical use of glossopetrae
Belemnites, osteocolla, shell-filled stones, and fossil ivory
Bones, jaws, skulls, and teeth found in our region
The unicorn’s horn, and an enormous animal unearthed in Quedlinburg
Sharzfeld Cave and the bones that have been found in it
The Baumann Cave and its contents
On the nature of amber, especially the kind found in our region
Changes wrought by rivers and the vestiges of upheavals in our region
The struggle between sea and land
Sea and marsh once covered Venice and Este
The marvelous fountains of Modena
How Modena’s fountains are produced
The layers of earth in Rosdorf, near Göttingen
On buried trees and petrified wood
Peat and its origin
On trees buried underground
The various layers of earth observed in Amsterdam
Appendix: Text from Friedrich Lachmund’s
Oryktographia(1669)
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Protogaea

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