A Wide Perspective | |
Introduction | p. 3 |
Exploiting the Quantum World | p. 3 |
Historical Background | p. 5 |
Worldwide Efforts in QCC | p. 6 |
The Fundamentals of Quantum Information | p. 9 |
Quantum Computer Science | p. 17 |
Introduction | p. 17 |
Algorithms and the Complexity Problem | p. 18 |
The Quantum Computation Answer | p. 19 |
Quantum Algorithms | p. 20 |
Quantum Logic Gates and Networks | p. 21 |
Obstacles | p. 23 |
A Workable Solution: Quantum Error Correction | p. 23 |
Conclusions | p. 24 |
Experimental Realizations | p. 27 |
Introduction | p. 27 |
Trapped Ions | p. 27 |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance | p. 29 |
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics | p. 30 |
Quantum Dots | p. 31 |
Optical Technologies for Quantum Computing and Communications | p. 33 |
Introduction | p. 33 |
Using the Quantum Nature of Light | p. 34 |
Potential | p. 34 |
Problems | p. 34 |
Quantum Noise in Optical Communications | p. 35 |
Generic Technologies in Quantum Communications | p. 35 |
Nonlinear Optics | p. 36 |
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics | p. 36 |
Operations Performed on Optical Signals | p. 37 |
Signal Generation | p. 37 |
Detection | p. 38 |
Attenuation | p. 38 |
Distribution | p. 39 |
Amplification | p. 39 |
Conclusions: Towards the Second Generation | p. 40 |
Applications | p. 43 |
Introduction | p. 43 |
Emerging Technologies | p. 44 |
Quantum Cryptography | p. 44 |
Quantum Repeaters | p. 44 |
Quantum Simulators | p. 45 |
Metrology and Few Photon Applications | p. 46 |
Conclusions: Measuring Progress | p. 47 |
A Note on the Question of Scaling: Decoherence and Error Correction | p. 49 |
Personal Perspectives | |
Solid State Quantum Computation: Prospects, Proposals, and Prejudices | p. 53 |
Information is Physical, But Slippery | p. 59 |
Nanocircuitry, Defect Tolerance and Quantum Computing: Architectural and Manufacturing Considerations | p. 63 |
Quantum Computing and NMR | p. 71 |
Quantum Networks and Quantum Algorithms | p. 79 |
Quantum Cryptography | p. 87 |
A Perspective for the Future | |
Realizing the Potential of Quantum Information Processing | p. 97 |
Prospects for Quantum Computing | p. 97 |
Prospects for Special Applications | p. 98 |
Quantum Simulation | p. 98 |
Limited Qubit and Reduced-Noise High Precision Applications | p. 98 |
Secure Communications | p. 99 |
Meeting The Needs of the QIP Field | p. 99 |
The Need for Academic Focus | p. 100 |
The Need for Industrial Focus | p. 100 |
The Need for Awareness | p. 101 |
The Role of Europe | p. 103 |
The Pioneering Stage | p. 103 |
Today | p. 104 |
Multi-Disciplinary or Trans-Disciplinary Nature of the Community | p. 104 |
The Numbers Involved | p. 104 |
The Geographical Spread | p. 105 |
The Industrial Scene | p. 105 |
Summary of the European Scene | p. 106 |
Quantum Computing and Communications: A View from the USA | p. 107 |
Introduction | p. 107 |
What Works Well | p. 108 |
What Does Not Work So Well | p. 108 |
NASA/JPL | p. 109 |
Lessons Learned from Experience with NASA | p. 111 |
Opportunities for Europe | p. 111 |
Commercialization | p. 112 |
Recommendations | p. 113 |
Programmatic Recommendations | p. 113 |
Technology Solutions | p. 113 |
Quantum Computer Science | p. 113 |
Education and Training | p. 114 |
Reference materials | |
Quantum Information Processing: A Brief Overview of Recent Advances | p. 119 |
Introduction | p. 119 |
The Underlying Physical System | p. 120 |
Quantum Bits and Quantum Superpositions | p. 120 |
Quantum Gates | p. 120 |
Quantum Parallelism | p. 121 |
Fundamentals of Quantum Information | p. 121 |
Entanglement | p. 121 |
Quantum Dense Coding | p. 122 |
Quantum Teleportation | p. 123 |
Quantum Cryptography | p. 123 |
Standard Cryptosystems | p. 123 |
Quantum Key Distribution | p. 124 |
Quantum Computing | p. 125 |
Quantum Algorithms | p. 125 |
Grover's Search Algorithm | p. 126 |
Period Finding and Shor's Factorization Algorithm | p. 127 |
Minimum Requirements for any Quantum System to Be a Quantum Computer | p. 128 |
Simulation of Other Quantum Systems | p. 128 |
Quantum Decoherence | p. 129 |
What is Decoherence? | p. 129 |
Quantum Error Correction | p. 130 |
Experimental Realizations | p. 131 |
Systems with Few Degrees of Freedom | p. 131 |
Macroscopic Systems | p. 132 |
Conclusions | p. 132 |
Categories and Definitions | p. 137 |
Definitions and Glossary of Terms | p. 137 |
Definition of Quantum Computing and Communications | p. 137 |
Sub-Sector Definitions | p. 138 |
Some Relevant Terms | p. 140 |
The Disciplines that Contribute to Quantum Information Processing | p. 142 |
The Pathfinder Project | p. 145 |
Pathfinder Activities | p. 145 |
Newsletters | p. 145 |
Database of Active Individuals and Organizations | p. 146 |
Taxonomy of the Subject | p. 146 |
Helsinki Conference | p. 146 |
QIP Report | p. 147 |
Pathfinder Project Partners | p. 147 |
A Preliminary QIP Roadmap | p. 149 |
Index | p. 151 |
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