Rapid Prototyping

Theory and Practice

By: Ali K. Kamrani (Editor), Emad Abouel Nasr (Editor)

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Hardcover | 21 March 2006

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364 Pages

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23.5 x 16.51 x 2.54

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Rapid prototyping techniques have been increasingly used by industry to reduce product development cycles. A large number of processes have been developed allowing the use of various materials ranging from plastics to metal for the development of prototypes.

Rapid Prototyping: Theory and Practice provides a comprehensive collection of the latest research and technical work in the field with an emphasis on both rapid tooling and rapid manufacturing.

Drawing upon the collective knowledge of renowned experts in the industrial engineering field, Ali Kamrani and Emad Abouel Nasr have assembled a wide ranging treatise on rapid prototyping that includes:

Up to date documentation on the current scope of research on rapid prototyping, tooling and manufacturing.
Methodologies and technologies to support a customer-focussed and mass customization approach to production.
Detailed analysis and case studies of the application of rapid prototyping, rapid tooling and rapid manufacturing in fields such as medical and biomedical manufacturing, aerospace industry and automotive industry.

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List of Figures	p. xxiii
List of Tables	p. xxix
Contributors	p. xxxi
Material Properties and Characterization	p. 1
Structural Properties of Materials	p. 2
Crystalline Structures	p. 2
Non-crystalline (Amorphous) Structures	p. 5
Engineering Material Classification	p. 6
Metals	p. 6
Ceramics and Glass	p. 7
Polymers	p. 7
Composite Materials	p. 8
Mechanical Properties of Materials	p. 9
Uniaxial Tension Test	p. 9
Tensile Modules	p. 10
Engineering Stress	p. 11
Engineering Strain	p. 13
Ductility	p. 14
True Stress and True Strain	p. 14
Toughness Tests	p. 15
Hardness Tests	p. 16
Flexure Tests	p. 16
Creep Test	p. 17
Polymers used in Rapid Prototyping	p. 18
Material Selection	p. 20
Direct and Indirect Data Input Formats
IGES Standard Protocol for Feature Recognition CAD System	p. 25
History and Overview	p. 26
Standard data format	p. 27
Data transfer in CAD/CAM Systems	p. 27
Initial Graphics Exchange Specifications (IGES)	p. 29
Structure of IGES File	p. 30
Start Section	p. 31
Global section	p. 31
Directory entry section (DE)	p. 31
Parameter data section (PD)	p. 32
Terminate section	p. 32
The Feature extraction Methodology	p. 33
Conversion of CAD data files into Object Oriented Data structure	p. 34
Basic IGES entities	p. 34
The Overall object-oriented data structure of the proposed methodology	p. 37
Geometry and topology of B-rep	p. 41
Classification of Edges	p. 41
Classification of loops	p. 42
Definition of the Data Fields of the Proposed Data structure	p. 44
Algorithms for Extracting Geometric Entities from CAD File	p. 44
Algorithm for extracting entries from directory and parameter sections	p. 46
Algorithm for extracting the basic entities of the designed part	p. 47
Extracting Form Features from CAD Files	p. 49
An Example for identifying the concave edge/faces	p. 51
Algorithm for determining the concavity of the edge	p. 51
Algorithms for feature extraction (Production rules)	p. 52
An Illustrative Example	p. 54
Summary	p. 60
The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM): Description, Structure and Applications	p. 63
Introduction	p. 64
History	p. 64
The scope of current DICOM Standards	p. 67
DICOM structure	p. 67
Entity- Relationship models	p. 68
DICOM components	p. 70
DICOM Format	p. 72
Current applications	p. 75
Use of DICOM in Radiation Treatment Planning	p. 78
Potential use of DICOM as a tool in various Industries	p. 83
Summary	p. 84
Reverse Engineering: A Review & Evaluation of Non-Contact Based Systems	p. 87
Introduction	p. 88
Non-contact reverse engineering Techniques	p. 89
Reverse Engineering Taxonomy	p. 89
Active Technique - Laser Scanning	p. 91
Passive Technique - Three-Dimensional Photogrammetry	p. 94
Medical Imaging	p. 96
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 96
Computed Tomography	p. 98
Ultrasound Scanning	p. 99
Medical Image Data File	p. 99
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction	p. 101
Applications	p. 102
Relationship to rapid prototyping	p. 104
Reverse Engineering: A Review & Evaluation of Contact Based Systems	p. 107
Introduction	p. 108
Need for reverse engineering	p. 108
Contact Based Reverse Engineering Systems	p. 109
Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)	p. 110
Types of CMM Configurations	p. 111
Bridge Type	p. 111
Applications	p. 111
Gantry type	p. 112
Applications	p. 113
Cantilever Type	p. 113
Applications	p. 114
Horizontal Arm Type	p. 114
Applications	p. 114
Articulated Arm Type	p. 115
Applications	p. 115
Specifications of Coordinate Measuring machines	p. 116
Control types	p. 116
Mounting options	p. 116
CMM Measurement process	p. 117
Data Collection Procedure for CMM	p. 118
Digitization from the Surface	p. 119
Preprocessing of The Point Clouds	p. 119
Point processing as applied to a Knee Joint	p. 120
Surface fitting	p. 121
Performance Parameters of CMMs	p. 121
Scanning speed	p. 121
CMM probe accuracy	p. 122
CMM Rigid Body Errors	p. 123
CMM Structural Deformations	p. 124
Integration of CMM data into other design and manufacturing System Software	p. 124
Recent advances in CMM technology	p. 125
Reverse Engineering method based on Haptic Volume Removal	p. 125
Nano CMM	p. 127
Methods and Techniques
Virtual Assembly Analysis Enhancing Rapid Prototyping in Collaborative Product Development	p. 133
History and Overview	p. 134
Modern Design and product development	p. 136
Rapid product development	p. 136
Internet-enabled collaboration	p. 137
Inevitable impact on assembly and joining Operations	p. 138
Collaborative Virtual Prototyping and simulation	p. 140
Service-oriented Collaborative Virtual Prototyping and Simulation	p. 140
Virtual Assembly analysis	p. 143
Service-Oriented VAA architecture and Components	p. 144
VAA tool	p. 145
Assembly design formalism and assembly design model generation	p. 146
Assembly analysis model (AsAM) generation	p. 147
Pegasus Service Manager	p. 149
e-Design Brokers	p. 150
Service Providers	p. 150
Implementations	p. 151
Contributions	p. 159
Conclusions	p. 160
Subtractive Rapid Prototyping: Creating a Completely Automated Process for Rapid Machining	p. 165
Background	p. 166
Related Work	p. 168
Assumptions	p. 169
Overview of the CNC-RP Process	p. 170
Approach to setup Planning	p. 174
Approach to Tool Selection	p. 178
Challenges with Rapid Fixturing	p. 180
General System model	p. 184
Example parts using CNC-RP	p. 185
Economics of CNC-RP	p. 189
Limitations and Future Work	p. 192
Summary	p. 194
Selective Inhibition of Sintering	p. 197
Introduction	p. 197
The sis process materials	p. 202
The sis process machine path generation	p. 204
Step 1: slicing algorithm	p. 204
Step 2: machine path generation	p. 206
The SIS process optimization	p. 210
Physical part fabrication	p. 216
Powder waste Reduction	p. 217
Vision for future Research	p. 218
Contour Crafting: A Mega Scale Fabrication Technology	p. 221
Introduction	p. 222
CC Process error analysis	p. 223
CC Applications	p. 226
Ceramic part Fabrications	p. 226
CC machine structure for Ceramics Processing	p. 227
Preparing ceramic Paste	p. 227
Prefabricated Ceramic Parts	p. 228
Fabrication of pre-functional piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic components and thermo-plastic parts	p. 228
Design considerations	p. 230
Experiments	p. 232
Construction Automation	p. 234
Challenges faced by Construction industry Today	p. 235
The current state of automation in construction sites	p. 236
Barriers for construction automation	p. 237
The needs for an innovative construction process	p. 238
CC concrete formwork design	p. 239
Physical properties of CC formwork material	p. 241
CC nozzle geometry	p. 242
Fabrication of vertical concrete formwork	p. 244
Placing fresh concrete	p. 245
Results	p. 247
Extraterrestrial construction	p. 248
Conclusion	p. 249
Economic Analysis
Strategic Justification of Rapid Prototyping Systems	p. 253
Introduction	p. 254
Investment justification factors	p. 256
Strategic and Operational Benefits	p. 256
Cost	p. 257
Systems Characteristics and Factors	p. 258
Inter- and Intra-Firm Adaptability	p. 258
Platform Neutrality and Interoperability	p. 258
Scalability	p. 258
Reliability	p. 258
Ease of Use	p. 259
Customer Support	p. 259
Issues and Models for Evaluation and Justification of RP	p. 259
The Analytical Network Process (ANP) Methodology	p. 260
Step 1: Setting up the Network Decision Hierarchy	p. 261
The Planning Horizon	p. 263
Step 2: Pairwise Comparisons	p. 263
Step 3: Calculate Relative Importance Weights	p. 264
Step 4: Form a Supermatrix	p. 265
Step 5: Arrive at a Converged set of Weights	p. 265
Summary and Discussion	p. 267
Selection of Rapid Manufacturing Technologies under Epistemic Uncertainty	p. 271
Introduction	p. 272
Uncertainty and its representations	p. 273
Selection for rapid manufacturing	p. 277
Illustrative example: direct production of caster wheels	p. 281
Illustrative example: direct production of hearing aid shells	p. 286
Closure	p. 289
Economic Analysis of Rapid Prototyping Systems	p. 293
Introduction	p. 294
Recent Literature on Justification Techniques	p. 295
Analytic Hierarchy Process and Expert Choice	p. 299
Analytical Model to Justify Advanced Manufacturing Technologies	p. 301
Identify the competitive criteria and their measures	p. 302
Structuring the hierarchy	p. 302
Determine the overall weight for each alternative and select the alternative that has the highest weight	p. 303
An Illustrated Example	p. 305
Summary	p. 315
Index	p. 319
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Rapid Prototyping

Theory and Practice

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

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