Reading Strategies for Elementary Students With Learning Difficulties

Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction 1. The Reading Brain and Literacy Instruction The Good News in Reading Research! Big Ideas From Early Literacy Research The Emerging Emphasis on Literacy Assessments of Early Literacy Brain-Compatible Reading Instruction A Brain-Based Model of Reading What the Brain Research on Reading Has Found Conclusion What's Next? 2. Phonemic Instruction: The Critical Emphasis in Reading and Literacy Phonological Instruction and Phonemic Instruction Phonemic Awareness or Phonemic Manipulation Guidelines for Phonemic Instruction Phonemic-Based Reading Programs Conclusion What's Next? 3. Phonics and Word Attack Strategies Phonics and the Brain Phonics Instructional Options Strategies for Developmental Reading and Spelling Stages Conclusion What's Next? 4. Strategies for Building Vocabulary and Reading Fluency Vocabulary and Reading Fluency Building Vocabulary The Importance of Vocabulary Development Do We Still Need Sight-Word Approaches for Vocabulary Instruction? How Good Readers Read Learning New Vocabulary Terms Word Recognition Instruction Deriving Meaning From Vocabulary Learning Strategies for Vocabulary Mastery Reading Fluency Conclusion What's Next? 5. Gaining Meaning From Reading Reading Comprehension and the Brain Story Grammar Student Think-Alouds or Inferencing Substrategies Question Answering List Summaries Improvisational Drama Cooperative Discussion and Questioning (Coop-Dis-Q) Collaborating Strategic Reading (CSR) Bibliotherapy Conclusion What's Next? 6. Reading Comprehension in the Content Areas Content Area Reading and the Brain KWPLS (Know, Want to Know, Predict, Learned, Summarize) Analogies Instruction Possible Sentences Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) Guided Reading in Textual Settings (GRITS) ReQuest: Asking Self-Declared Questions Idea Circles Infra-Act: Sharing Perspectives Question-Answer Relationships Conclusion Resources: Commercially Available Reading Programs Glossary Index