| Protease/Inhibitor Interactions in Plant-Pest Systems: A Brief Overview | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Inhibition of Pest Extracellular Proteases | p. 2 |
| Plant Pest Control with PIs: After the Hits... the Misses | p. 3 |
| Future Perspectives | p. 5 |
| Control of Phytophagous Insect Pests Using Serine Proteinase Inhibitors | p. 9 |
| Serine PIs and Their Role in Plant Protection | p. 9 |
| Effects of Serine PIs on Insect Digestive Proteolysis | p. 11 |
| The Wounding Response in Plant Defsense | p. 14 |
| "First-Phase" Use of Foreign Serine PI Genes | p. 16 |
| Insect Responses to Dietary Serine PIs | p. 19 |
| Conclusions | p. 23 |
| Cystatin-Based Control of Insects, with Special Reference to Oryzacystatin | p. 27 |
| Introduction | p. 27 |
| Oryzacystatin and Other Plant Cystatins | p. 28 |
| Cysteine Proteinases as Targets of Plant Cystatins | p. 30 |
| Control of Insects with Cystatins | p. 33 |
| Regeneration of Cystatin-Expressing Transgenic Plants | p. 36 |
| Conclusion | p. 38 |
| Recombinant Protease Inhibitors as Management Tools to Suppress Parasitic Nematodes | p. 43 |
| Introduction | p. 43 |
| Proteases in Nematodes | p. 44 |
| Effects of Recombinant PIs | p. 46 |
| Outlook | p. 48 |
| The Control of Plant Pathogens with Protease Inhibitors: A Realistic Approach? | p. 53 |
| Introduction | p. 53 |
| Extracellular Proteases in Plant Pathogens | p. 54 |
| Induction of PIs in Infected Plants | p. 57 |
| Prospects for PI-Expressing Transgenic Plants | p. 59 |
| Conclusion | p. 62 |
| Regulation of Plant Defense Against Herbivorous Pests | p. 65 |
| Introduction | p. 65 |
| The Plant Response | p. 68 |
| Future Perspectives | p. 73 |
| The Response of Insects to Dietary Protease Inhibitors | p. 80 |
| Introduction | p. 80 |
| Evaluation of PI Biological Activity | p. 80 |
| Resistance of Insects to Dietary PIs | p. 81 |
| Summary | p. 84 |
| Interference of Protease Inhibitors on Non-Target Organisms | p. 89 |
| Introduction | p. 89 |
| Pollinators | p. 89 |
| Natural Enemies | p. 99 |
| Soil Fauna and Microorganisms | p. 102 |
| Summary | p. 103 |
| Multiple Protease/Inhibitor Interactions in Plant-Pest Systems | p. 107 |
| Introduction | p. 107 |
| First-Level Interactions: The Plant-Pest Continuum | p. 107 |
| Multi-level Interactions: The Ecosystem | p. 108 |
| Future Perspectives | p. 111 |
| Using Natural and Modified Protease Inhibitors | p. 114 |
| Introduction | p. 114 |
| The Choice of Effective Inhibitors | p. 114 |
| The Design of Hybrid Inhibitors | p. 119 |
| Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Natural PIs | p. 120 |
| Conclusion | p. 124 |
| Engineering Protease Inhibitors by Phage Display | p. 128 |
| Introduction | p. 128 |
| Phage Display | p. 128 |
| Phage Display to Identify Natural Inhibitors | p. 136 |
| From Phage to Plant | p. 137 |
| Conclusion | p. 137 |
| Using Protease Proregions as Regulators of Insect Digestive Proteinases | p. 141 |
| Introduction | p. 141 |
| Proteinase Precursors | p. 141 |
| Precursor Processing | p. 142 |
| Protease Proregions as Selective Inhibitors | p. 142 |
| Discussion | p. 145 |
| Expression of Protease Inhibitors in Potato | p. 147 |
| Introduction | p. 147 |
| Rationale for a Low-Dose Approach with PI-Based Resistance | p. 150 |
| The CPB Digestive Proteolytic System | p. 152 |
| Fitness Consequences of PI Ingestion in CPB | p. 156 |
| OC-I-Expressing Transgenic Potato and CPB Natural Predators | p. 158 |
| Conclusions and Future Perspectives | p. 159 |
| Expression of Protease Inhibitors in Sweetpotato | p. 166 |
| Introduction | p. 166 |
| The Insect Pests of Sweet Potato | p. 166 |
| Integrated Pest Management for SPWs--The Success and the Lesson | p. 167 |
| Digestive Proteinases in SPW (Cylas) Species | p. 168 |
| Expression of Recombinant PIs in Sweet Potato | p. 169 |
| PIs in Sweet Potato, and Their Nutritional Impact | p. 172 |
| Discussion | p. 174 |
| Expression of Protease Inhibitors in Rapeseed | p. 178 |
| Introduction | p. 178 |
| Digestive Protease Types in Pests of B. napus | p. 179 |
| Expression of Recombinant PIs in B. napus | p. 181 |
| Discussion | p. 187 |
| Production of Useful Protease Inhibitors in Plants | p. 190 |
| Introduction | p. 190 |
| High-level Accumulation of PIs in Plant Cells | p. 191 |
| Extraction of Recombinant PIs from Plant Tissues | p. 192 |
| Purification of Recombinant PIs from Crude Extracts | p. 193 |
| Conclusions | p. 197 |
| Proteinase INhibitors in Health and Disease Control--Medical and Industrial Aspects | p. 202 |
| Introduction | p. 202 |
| Anti-microbial Properties of Cystatins | p. 204 |
| Cystatins in the Control of Tumor Growth and Metastasis | p. 205 |
| Protection Against Tissue Destruction | p. 206 |
| Industrial Aspects | p. 208 |
| Protease Inhibitors in Food Processing | p. 214 |
| Introduction | p. 214 |
| Controlled Proteolysis in Food | p. 215 |
| Safety of PIs in Food and Feed | p. 215 |
| Plant PIs in Foodstuff | p. 216 |
| Conclusion | p. 219 |
| Substrates and Inhibitors Useful in Protease Characterization | p. 223 |
| Plant Protease Inhibitors: Available mRNA Sequences | p. 227 |
| Tertiary Structures of Proteases and Protease Inhibitors Available in the Brookhaven National Laboratory Protein Data Bank | p. 230 |
| Index | p. 238 |
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