Ridge Waveguides and Passive Microwave Filters

By: J. Helszajn

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Hardcover | 1 December 2000

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344 Pages

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24.13 x 16.51 x 2.54

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The ridge waveguide, which is a rectangular waveguide with one or more metal inserts (ridges), is an important transmission line in microwave engineering, through which many passive components can be achieved. As such it is a well-established and widely used element in commercial electronics and communications devices. This book collects together much of the work of Professor Helszajn, an international authoriy in the field, and will enable the reader to have direct access to this material without need for exhaustive search of research papers. Generously illustrated, it is likely to become the definitive reference source on this topic. The book includes closed-form and finite element calculations of the propagation constant, attenuation and mode spectrum for the ridge waveguide, as well as power-current and power-voltage definitions of impedance. Circular polarisation is also treated. Propagation properties where the waveguide has a dielectric filler are calculated. The treatment is then extended to more complex designs, including quadruple ridge waveguides with and without a gyromagnetic filler. The text includes descriptions of many of the passive devices which can be realised using these waveguides, including isolators, phase shifters and circulators. A treatment of the finline waveguide is included as its geometry is closely related to that of the ridge waveguide, leading to components such as the 3-port finline calculator.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communications Engineering Electronics Engineering Microwave Technology Science Physics Classical Mathematics Wave Mechanics including Vibration & Acoustics Technology in General

Preface	p. xiii
The ridge waveguide	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Cut-off space of ridge waveguide	p. 1
Impedance of ridge waveguide	p. 3
Attenuation of ridge waveguide	p. 4
Ridge waveguide junctions	p. 5
Waveguide transitions	p. 10
Filter circuits	p. 11
Turnstile junction circulator	p. 11
Propagation and impedance in rectangular waveguides	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
The wave equation	p. 13
Dominant mode in rectangular waveguides	p. 14
Impedance in waveguides	p. 15
Power transmission through rectangular waveguides	p. 17
Impedance in rectangular waveguides	p. 18
Circular polarisation in rectangular waveguides	p. 19
Calculation of impedance based on a mathematical technique	p. 22
Orthogonal properties of waveguide modes	p. 24
Impedance and propagation in ridge waveguides using the transverse resonance method	p. 26
Introduction	p. 26
Cut-off space of ridge waveguide	p. 26
Power flow in ridge waveguide	p. 31
Voltage-current definition of impedance in ridge waveguide	p. 31
Power-voltage definition of impedance in ridge waveguide	p. 32
Power-current definition of impedance in ridge waveguide	p. 33
Admittances of double ridge waveguide	p. 34
Closed form polynomials for single and double ridge waveguides	p. 35
Synthesis of quarter-wave ridge transformers	p. 38
Fields, propagation and attenuation in double ridge waveguide	p. 47
Introduction	p. 47
Finite element calculation (TE modes)	p. 47
Finite element method (TM modes)	p. 50
Cut-off space (TE mode)	p. 50
Standing wave solution in double ridge waveguide	p. 52
TE fields in double ridge waveguide	p. 54
TM fields in double ridge waveguide	p. 56
MFIE	p. 59
The Poynting vector	p. 61
Attenuation in waveguides	p. 61
Impedance of double ridge waveguide using the finite element method	p. 63
Introduction	p. 63
Voltage-current definition of impedance	p. 64
Calculation of voltage-current definition of impedance	p. 66
Power-current and power-voltage definitions of impedance	p. 67
Impedance of ridge waveguide using trapezoidal ribs	p. 71
Characterisation of single ridge waveguide using the finite element method	p. 73
Introduction	p. 73
Cut-off space of single ridge waveguide	p. 74
Fields in single ridge waveguide	p. 75
Impedance of single ridge waveguide	p. 78
Insertion loss in single ridge waveguide	p. 79
Higher order modes	p. 80
Propagation constant and impedance of dielectric loaded ridge waveguide using a hybrid finite element solver	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
Hybrid functional	p. 84
Cut-off space of dielectric loaded rectangular ridge waveguide	p. 88
Propagation constant in dielectric loaded rectangular ridge waveguide	p. 90
Propagation constant in dielectric loaded square waveguide	p. 91
Voltage-current definition of impedance	p. 92
Circular polarisation in ridge and dielectric loaded ridge waveguides	p. 99
Introduction	p. 99
Circular polarisation	p. 100
Open half-space of asymmetrically dielectric loaded ridge waveguide	p. 100
Circular polarisation in dielectric-loaded parallel plate waveguides with open side-walls	p. 102
Circular polarisation in dielectric loaded ridge waveguide	p. 105
Circular polarisation in homogeneous ridge waveguide	p. 107
Quadruple ridge waveguide	p. 117
Introduction	p. 117
Quadruple ridge waveguide	p. 117
Cut-off space in quadruple ridge waveguide using MFIE method	p. 119
Cut-off space of ridge waveguide using MMM	p. 121
Cut-off space of quadruple ridge waveguide using FEM	p. 121
Fields in quadruple ridge waveguide	p. 126
Cut-off space of dielectric loaded quadruple ridge waveguide	p. 127
Impedance in quadruple ridge circular waveguide using conical ridges	p. 132
Faraday rotation in gyromagnetic quadruple ridge waveguide	p. 134
Introduction	p. 134
Faraday rotation section	p. 135
Scattering matrix of Faraday rotation section	p. 138
Gyrator network	p. 139
Gyromagnetic waveguide functional	p. 141
Ridge waveguide using gyromagnetic ring	p. 144
Quadruple ridge waveguide using gyromagnetic tiles	p. 144
Faraday rotation isolator	p. 145
Four-port Faraday rotation circulator	p. 148
Nonreciprocal Faraday rotation-type phase shifter	p. 148
Faraday rotation in dual-mode triple ridge waveguide	p. 149
Characterisation of discontinuity effects in single ridge waveguide	p. 153
Introduction	p. 153
ABCD parameters of 2-port step discontinuity	p. 154
Frequency response	p. 157
Characterisation of half-wave long ridge waveguide test-set	p. 157
Experimental characterisation	p. 160
Symmetrical short section	p. 163
Ridge cross-guide directional coupler	p. 170
Introduction	p. 170
Operation of cross-guide directional coupler	p. 170
Bethe's small-hole coupling theory	p. 173
The 0-degree crossed-slot aperture	p. 175
The 0-degree crossed-slot aperture in rectangular waveguide	p. 177
The 0-degree crossed-slot aperture in single ridge waveguide	p. 178
The 45-degree crossed-slot aperture	p. 179
Circular polarisation in rectangular and ridge waveguides	p. 181
Rectangular and ridge waveguide cross-guide couplers using 45-degree crossed-slot apertures	p. 182
Coupling via waveguide walls of finite thickness	p. 184
Directly coupled filter circuits using immittance inverters	p. 189
Introduction	p. 189
Immittance inverters	p. 189
Lowpass filters using immittance inverters	p. 190
Bandpass filters using immittance inverters	p. 193
Immittance inverters	p. 195
Practical inverter	p. 198
Immittance inverters using evanescent mode waveguide	p. 200
E-plane filter	p. 201
Element values of lowpass prototypes	p. 204
Frequency response of microwave filters	p. 205
Ridge waveguide filter design using mode matching method	p. 207
Introduction	p. 207
Mode matching method	p. 207
MMM characterisation of 1-port networks	p. 212
Double septa and thick septum problem regions	p. 215
MMM characterisation of symmetrical waveguide discontinuities	p. 216
Eigensolutions of waveguide sections	p. 218
Immittance inverters	p. 221
E-plane bandpass filters using metal inverters	p. 221
Lowpass ridge filters using immittance inverters	p. 222
Nonreciprocal ridge isolators and phase-shifters	p. 226
Introduction	p. 226
Nonreciprocal ferrite devices in rectangular waveguide	p. 227
Differential phase shift, phase deviation and figure of merit of ferrite phase shifter	p. 230
90-degree phase shifter in dielectric loaded WRD 200 ridge waveguide	p. 231
Isolation, insertion loss and figure of merit of resonance isolator	p. 233
Resonance isolator in dielectric loaded WRD 750 ridge waveguide	p. 234
Resonance isolator in bifurcated ridge waveguide	p. 236
Differential phase shift circulator	p. 238
Finline waveguide	p. 241
Introduction	p. 241
Finline waveguide topologies	p. 241
Normalised wavelength and impedance in finline	p. 242
Empirical expressions for propagation in bilateral and unilateral finline	p. 245
Fields in unilateral finline waveguide	p. 247
Bilateral finline	p. 250
Empirical formulation of impedance in bilateral finline waveguide	p. 251
Circular polarisation in bilateral and unilateral finline waveguides	p. 251
Finline isolator using hexagonal ferrite substrate	p. 251
Inverted turnstile finline junction circulator	p. 256
Introduction	p. 256
Turnstile junction circulator	p. 256
Re-entrant H-plane waveguide circulator	p. 261
Re-entrant E-plane waveguide circulator	p. 262
Closed gyromagnetic resonator	p. 262
Perturbation theory of closed cyclindrical gyromagnetic resonator	p. 264
Quality factor of closed gyromagnetic resonator	p. 266
E-plane finline circulator using coupled H-plane turnstile resonators	p. 266
Experimental adjustment of finline turnstile circulator	p. 268
Semi-tracking ridge circulator	p. 270
Introduction	p. 270
Phenomenological adjustment	p. 271
Impedance matrix	p. 272
Complex gyrator circuit	p. 277
Semi-tracking complex gyrator circuit	p. 278
Direct magnetic field and magnetisation of semi-tracking circulators	p. 281
Physical variables of semi-tracking circulators	p. 285
Network problem	p. 285
Frequency response	p. 287
Design of octave-band semi-tracking circulators	p. 294
Variational calculus, functionals and the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure	p. 296
Introduction	p. 296
Stationary value of functional	p. 297
Electrical and magnetic energies in planar circuits	p. 298
Electric and magnetic fields in planar circuits with top and bottom electric walls	p. 299
Derivation of functional for planar isotropic circuits	p. 301
Rayleigh-Ritz procedure	p. 303
Field patterns	p. 305
Derivation of energy functional based on a mathematical technique	p. 306
Bibliography	p. 308
Index	p. 322
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Ridge Waveguides and Passive Microwave Filters

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