Saving Energy and Reducing CO2 Emissions with Electricity

INTRODUCTION - ELECTRICITY'S ATTRIBUTES Electricity Powers Growth Electricity Powers Digital Devices Electricity: Gateway to the Electromagnetic Spectrum Technical Attributes of Electricity Economic Resource Use Electricity Leverages Exergy References THE CONCEPT OF ELECTRIFICATION EPRI's Prism and MERGE Electricity Technology Under a Carbon-Constrained Future MERGE Analysis European Climate Foundation Eurelectric Conclusions References CO2 REDUCTIONS THROUGH EXPANDED END-USE APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICITY Introduction The Climate Stabilization Challenge Power Delivery and End Use Total Resource Efficiency Sources of CO2 Reductions Energy Savings From Beneficial New Uses Reductions in CO2 Emissions From Beneficial New Uses. Identifying and Screening Technologies Technical and Realistic Potentials by Sector Japanese Study European Study United Kingdom Conclusion References. ELECTRIC ON-ROAD TRANSPORTATION The Rebirth of Electric Cars Environmental Assessment of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Smart Charging Truck Stop Electrification Truck Driver Benefits From TSE Two Major Types of Truck Stop Electrification Societal Benefits From TSE Emission Reduction Benefits of TSE Conclusions References ELECTRIFYING OFF-ROAD MOTIVE POWER Forklifts Airport Electrification Seaport Electrification Railroad Electrification Mining Electrification New Opportunities for Electrification References BENEFICIAL INDUSTRIAL USES OF ELECTRICITY: INDUSTRIAL INTRODUCTION AND PROCESS INDUSTRIES Process Industries Food Processing Membrane Processing Freeze Concentration Microwave Heating and Processing Desalination Electrolytics New Applications for Mechanical Energy Electrifying IC Motor Applications Municipal Waste and Water Electrification Conclusion References BENEFICIAL INDUSTRIAL USES OF ELECTRICITY: METALS PRODUCTION Metals Production Dielectric Heating Resistance Heating and Melting Conclusion References BENEFICIAL INDUSTRIAL USES OF ELECTRICITY: MATERIALS FABRICATION Materials Fabrication Electron Beam Machining Electric Discharge Machining Electrochemical Machining Electroforming. Electrochemical Finishing Laser Beam Machining Electron Beam Welding Laser Beam Welding Plasma Welding Resistance Welding References BENEFICIAL COMMERCIAL BUILDING USES OF ELECTRICITY Space Conditioning Variable Capacity Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps for Commercial Buildings Advanced Heating and Cooling Technologies Space Conditioning and/or Water Heating Using Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Refrigeration Cycle Water Heating Food Service Laundry Other Commercial Applications. Medical Electronics References BENEFICIAL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING USES OF ELECTRICITY Space Conditioning (Heating and Cooling) Water Heating Residential Appliances Conclusions References ENHANCING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Other Estimates of the Potential for Energy Efficiency Historic Perspective on Energy Efficiency References DEMAND RESPONSE Definitions Background Four Building Blocks of Demand Response Where is the Biggest Impact? The Potential for Summer Peak Demand Savings from Utility Programs Examples of Real Applications How to Enable Demand Response What Does DR-Ready Entail? Why Aren't Today's Appliances, Information Technology and Consumer Electronics DR-Ready? Alternatives to Enabling DR-Ready End-Use Products A Possible Approach Toward Implementation of DR-Ready Programs Identify Underlying Drivers and Interests among Key Stakeholders Determine State of Industry and Technology Including Drivers and Barriers Define Product Attributes that Warrant "DR-Ready" Designation Build Coalition with Strategic Partners Develop Roadmap of Target Products Develop standards for exchanging information with smart appliances References Index