Selection Methods in Plant Breeding

By: Izak Bos, Peter Caligari

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Hardcover | 14 November 2007 | Edition Number 2

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Hardcover
476 Pages

Edition Type
Revised

Dimensions(cm)
23.39 x 15.6 x 2.69

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Selection procedures used in plant breeding have gradually developed over a very long time span, in fact since settled agriculture was ?rst undertaken. Nowadays these procedures range from very simple mass selection methods, sometimes applied in an ine?ective way, to indirect trait selection based on molecular markers. The procedures di?er in costs as well as in genetic - ciency.Incontrasttothegenetice?ciency, costsdependonthelocalconditions encountered by the breeder. The genetic progress per unit of money invested varies consequently from site to site. This book considers consequently only the genetic e?ciency, i.e. the rate of progress to be expected when applying a certain selection procedure. Ifabreederhasacertainbreedinggoalinmind, aselectionprocedureshould be chosen. A wise choice requires a wellfounded opinion about the response to be expected from any procedure that might be applied. Such an opinion should preferably be based on the most appropriate model when considering the crop and the trait (or traits) to be improved. Sometimes little knowledge is available about the genetic control of expression of the trait(s). This applies particularly in the case of quantitative variation in the traits. It is, therefore, important to be familiar with methods for the elucidation of the inheritance of the traits of interest. This means, in fact, that the breeder should be able to develop population genetic and quantitative genetic models that describe the observed mode of inheritance as satisfactorily as possible.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Agriculture & Farming Agronomy & Crop Production Commercial Horticulture Science Biology, Life Sciences Botany & Plant Sciences Plant Reproduction & Propagation Mathematics Applied Mathematics

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Published: 10th November 2010

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Preface	p. ix
Preface to the 2nd Edition	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
Population Genetic Effects of Cross-Fertilization	p. 7
Introduction	p. 7
Diploid Chromosome Behaviour and Panmixis	p. 10
One Locus with Two Alleles	p. 10
One Locus with more than Two Alleles	p. 15
Two Loci, Each with Two Alleles	p. 16
More than Two Loci, Each with Two or more Alleles	p. 26
Autotetraploid Chromosome Behaviour and Panmixis	p. 28
Population Genetic Effects of Inbreeding	p. 33
Introduction	p. 33
Diploid Chromosome Behaviour and Inbreeding	p. 37
One locus with two alleles	p. 37
A pair of linked loci	p. 41
Two or more unlinked loci, each with two alleles	p. 49
Autotetraploid Chromosome Behaviour and Self-Fertilization	p. 52
Self-Fertilization and Cross-Fertilization	p. 56
Assortative Mating and Disassortative Mating	p. 59
Introduction	p. 59
Repeated Backcrossing	p. 63
Population Genetic Effect of Selection with regard to Sex Expression	p. 69
Introduction	p. 69
The Frequency of Male Sterile Plants	p. 71
Complete seed-set of the male sterile plants	p. 72
Incomplete seed-set of the male sterile plants	p. 73
Selection with Regard to a Trait with Qualitative Variation	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
The Maintenance of Genetic Variation	p. 84
Artificial Selection	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Line selection	p. 91
Full sib family selection	p. 94
Half sib family selection	p. 98
Mass selection	p. 101
Progeny testing	p. 104
Random Variation of Allele Frequencies	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
The Effect of the Mode of Reproduction of the Probability of Fixation	p. 115
Components of the Phenotypic Value of Traits with Quantitative Variation	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Components of the Phenotypic Value	p. 131
Components of the Genotypic Value	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
Partitioning of Genotypic Values According to the F∞-Metric	p. 139
Partitioning of Genotypic Values into their Additive Genotypic Value and their Dominance Deviation	p. 151
Breeding Value: A Concept Dealing with Cross-Fertilizing Crops	p. 168
Effects of the Mode of Reproduction on the Expected Genotypic Value	p. 173
Introduction	p. 173
Random Mating	p. 176
Self-Fertilization	p. 179
Inbreeding Depression and Heterosis	p. 184
Introduction	p. 184
Hybrid Varieties	p. 191
Synthetic Varieties	p. 197
Effects of the Mode of Reproduction on the Genetic Variance	p. 205
Introduction	p. 205
Random Mating	p. 206
Partitioning of _g²⁺ in the case of open pollination	p. 210
Partitioning of g_g²⁺ in the case of pairwise crossing	p. 215
Self-Fertilization	p. 217
Partitioning of g_g²⁺ in the case of self-fertilization	p. 219
Applications of Quantitative Genetic Theory in Plant Breeding	p. 225
Prediction of the Response to Selection	p. 225
The Estimation of Quantitative Genetic Parameters	p. 243
Plant Material with Identical Reproduction	p. 245
Cross-fertilizing Crops	p. 249
Self-fertilizing Crops	p. 254
Population Genetic and Quantitative Genetic Effects of Selection Based on Progency Testing	p. 257
Choice of Parents and Prediction of the Ranking of Crosses	p. 266
Plant Material with Indentical Reproduction	p. 271
Self-fertilizing Plant Material	p. 273
The Concept of Combining Ability as Applied to Pure Lines	p. 277
Introduction	p. 277
General and Specific Combining Ability	p. 279
Selection for Several Traits	p. 289
Introduction	p. 289
The Correlation Between the Phenotypic or Genotypic Values of Traits with Quantitative Variation	p. 291
Indirect Selection	p. 294
Relative selection efficiency	p. 295
The use of markers	p. 299
Selection under Conditions Deviating from the Conditions Provided in Plant Production Practice	p. 307
Estimation of the Coefficient of Phenotypic, Environmental, Genetic or Additive Genetic Correlation	p. 311
Index Selection and Independent-Culling-Levels Selection	p. 318
Genotype x Environment Interaction	p. 325
Introduction	p. 325
Stability Parameters	p. 329
Applications in Plant Breeding	p. 333
Selection with Regard to a Trait with Quantitative Variation	p. 339
Disclosure of Genotypic Values in the Case of A Trend in the Quality of the Growing Conditions	p. 339
Single-Plant Evaluation	p. 341
Use of Plants Representing a Standard Variety	p. 343
Use of Fixed Grids	p. 343
Use of Moving Grids	p. 348
Evaluation of Candidates by Means of Plots	p. 355
Introduction	p. 355
Use of Plots Containing a Standard Variety	p. 359
Use of Moving Means	p. 367
Reduction of the Detrimental Effect of Allocompetition on the Efficiency of Selection	p. 381
Introduction	p. 381
Single-Plant Evaluation	p. 389
The Optimum Plant Density	p. 393
Measures to Reduce the Detrimental Effect of Allocompetition	p. 394
Evaluation of Candidates by Means of Plots	p. 398
Optimizing the Evaluation of Candidates by means of Plots	p. 405
The Optimum Number of Replications	p. 405
The Shape, Positioning and Size of the Test Plots	p. 410
General considerations	p. 410
Shape and Positioning of the Plots	p. 413
Yardsticks to Measure Soil Heterogeneity	p. 414
The Optimum Plot Size from an Economic Point of View	p. 419
Causes of the Low Efficiency of Selection	p. 421
Correct Selection	p. 424
The Optimum Generation to Start Selection for Yield of a Self-Fertilizing Crop	p. 429
Introduction	p. 429
Reasons to Start Selection for Yield in an Early Generation	p. 430
Reasons to Start Selection for Yield in an Advanced Generation	p. 433
Experimental Designs for the Evaluation of Candidate Varieties	p. 437
References	p. 445
Index	p. 457
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Selection Methods in Plant Breeding

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Hardcover

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