Introduction: The Importance of Emotional and Social Competence | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Experience and Expression of Emotions | p. 2 |
Emotional Experience | p. 2 |
Expression of Emotions | p. 5 |
Expressive Process | p. 5 |
Expressive Outcomes | p. 6 |
Understanding Emotions | p. 6 |
Emotion Regulation | p. 7 |
Emotional Competence: Developmental and Individual Differences | p. 8 |
Socialization of Emotional and Social Competence | p. 9 |
Modeling of Emotional Expressiveness | p. 10 |
Contingent Reactions to Children's Emotions | p. 10 |
Teaching About Emotions | p. 11 |
Summarizing the Socialization of Emotional Competence | p. 13 |
Social Competence and Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) | p. 13 |
Linkage of Emotional and Social Competence | p. 16 |
Summary and Conclusion | p. 17 |
Targeting Programs for Preschool Emotional and Social Competence | p. 19 |
Introduction | p. 19 |
SEL Goals | p. 20 |
How do We Reach These SEL Goals? | p. 21 |
Behavior Problems and Social Incompetence | p. 22 |
Specific Behavior Problems Associated With Lack of SEL | p. 25 |
Challenging Behaviors Traced to Differing Patterns Of Risk and Resilience | p. 26 |
Children Already Showing Diagnosable Problems | p. 27 |
SEL Programming for Young Children | p. 29 |
Prevention/Intervention: What Is Needed? What Has Been Done? Where Do We Go From Here? | p. 29 |
Summary and Conclusion | p. 31 |
Preschoolers' Attachment and Emotional Competence | p. 33 |
Introduction to Attachment As Foundational for Emotional Competence | p. 33 |
Early Attachment Classifications and Their Sequelae | p. 34 |
Attachment and Emotional Competence | p. 36 |
Attachments Beyond the Child-Parent Relationship | p. 39 |
Preschool Teachers/ Daycare Providers and Attachment | p. 40 |
Compensatory Effects of Secure Child-Teacher Attachment | p. 41 |
Principles for Practitioners | p. 42 |
Summary: Attachment As Foundation for SEL | p. 44 |
Conclusions: What Can We Do? | p. 45 |
Applications Centered on Attachment: Lessons from the Field | p. 47 |
Introduction to SEL Programming | p. 47 |
Introduction to Attachment Applications | p. 48 |
Attachment Theory in the Preschool Classroom | p. 48 |
Teaching Teachers About Building Attachment Relationships | p. 49 |
Initial Approaches | p. 50 |
Roadblocks on the Way to Attachment | p. 50 |
Moving Beyond the Roadblocks | p. 51 |
Attachment-Specific Information Imparted | p. 52 |
Elements of "Floor Time" | p. 52 |
Teaching About Floor Time | p. 54 |
Curricular Elements Related to Attachment | p. 57 |
Problem Areas in Creating an Attachment-Positive Classroom | p. 58 |
Teaching Parents About Attachment and Floor Time | p. 59 |
Parents and Floor Time | p. 59 |
Intervening with Parents and Children at Risk - The Circles Of Security Program | p. 60 |
Steps in the COS Program | p. 63 |
Evaluation of the COS Program | p. 65 |
The Seattle Approach | p. 65 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 66 |
Guiding Preschoolers'behavior: Short-Term Meanings, Long-Term Outcomes | p. 67 |
Introduction: Foundations and Methods of Guidance in Early Childhood | p. 67 |
Indirect Guidance | p. 68 |
Guidance: Where Do We Start? | p. 70 |
The Meaning of Behavior | p. 72 |
Observing Children's Behavior | p. 74 |
Putting the Package Together | p. 77 |
Specifics for Guiding Behavior | p. 78 |
More Operant Approaches | p. 79 |
Costs of "Power Assertive" Techniques | p. 79 |
What Should We Do Instead? "Control" and "Discipline" Versus "Guidance" | p. 80 |
Persistent Persuasion | p. 80 |
Inductive Guidance Strategies | p. 82 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 83 |
Teaching Teachers About Guidance: Lessons from the Field | p. 85 |
Introduction: The Needs of Teachers and Children | p. 85 |
Training Teachers to Use Indirect Guidance | p. 88 |
Using Direct Guidance | p. 91 |
Reflection on Guidance and Time for Practice | p. 94 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 95 |
Emotion Understanding and Emotion Regulation | p. 97 |
Emotion Understanding | p. 97 |
Labeling Emotional Expressions | p. 99 |
Identifying Emotion-Eliciting Situations | p. 100 |
Comprehending Causes of Emotions | p. 100 |
Understanding the Consequences of Emotion | p. 101 |
Sophisticated Understanding of the Emotional Experience of Others | p. 101 |
Equivocal Emotional Situations | p. 101 |
Atypical Emotional Reactions: Weighing Expressive And Situational Information | p. 102 |
Personalized Information | p. 102 |
Dissemblance | p. 103 |
Display Rule Knowledge | p. 103 |
Knowledge of Emotion Regulation Strategies | p. 104 |
Knowledge of Simultaneity of Emotions and Ambivalence | p. 104 |
Knowledge of Complex Emotions | p. 105 |
Emotion Knowledge and Social Interaction | p. 106 |
Emotion Knowledge and SEL: A Key to Successful Interaction | p. 106 |
Lack of Emotion Knowledge and Unsuccessful Social Interaction | p. 107 |
Preschoolers' Emotion Knowledge and More Specific SEL Deficits: The Case of Bullying | p. 109 |
Emotion Regulation | p. 110 |
Emotion Regulation: Developments During Preschool | p. 112 |
Emotion Regulation and SEL | p. 112 |
Relations with Other Aspects of Emotional Competence | p. 113 |
Summary and Conclusion | p. 114 |
Applications Centered on Emotional Competence: Lessons from the Field | p. 115 |
Introduction | p. 115 |
Emotion Understanding | p. 115 |
Social-Emotional Intervention for At-Risk 4-Year-Olds | p. 116 |
Preschool PATHS (Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies) | p. 116 |
Second Step Preschool/Kindergarten | p. 118 |
Head Start/ECAP Curriculum (Izard & Bear, 2001) | p. 120 |
The Incredible Years | p. 121 |
Other Promising Programs | p. 121 |
Summary | p. 121 |
Emotional Expressiveness and Emotion Regulation | p. 122 |
Programming in Emotional Expressiveness and Emotion Regulation: Social Emotional Intervention for At-Risk-4-Year-Olds | p. 122 |
Programming in Emotional Expressiveness and Emotion Regulation: Second Step Preschool/Kindergarten | p. 124 |
Programming in Emotional Expressiveness and Emotion Regulation: Head Start/ECAP Curriculum | p. 126 |
Programming in Emotional Expressiveness and Emotion Regulation: The Incredible Years | p. 126 |
Programming in Emotional Expressiveness and Emotion Regulation: DECI | p. 126 |
Summary and Conclusions: Programming Possibilities | p. 127 |
Notes from the Field: How we Have Worked with Teachers to Implement Practices Centered on Emotional Competence | p. 127 |
Moving Into the World of Feelings: Teachers' First Steps | p. 128 |
Continuing on to Emotion Knowledge: Uniting Feeling and Thinking in Karim's Story | p. 129 |
After Karim: What Teachers Can Do to Promote Emotion Knowledge | p. 131 |
After Karim: What Teachers Can Do to Promote Adaptive Emotional Expressiveness and Experience | p. 132 |
After Karim: What Teachers Can Do to Promote Emotion Regulation | p. 133 |
Summary and Conclusion: Training Teachers About Emotional Competence Programming | p. 134 |
Social Problem Solving | p. 135 |
Introduction: Thinking about Getting Along with Each Other | p. 135 |
Social Problem Solving Expands: Social Information Processing and Emotional Competence | p. 137 |
Social Problem Solving and Emotion Knowledge | p. 138 |
Social Problem Solving and Emotional Expressiveness/Emotion Regulation | p. 140 |
Focus on Social Problem Solving in Preschoolers | p. 140 |
Social Problem Solving and Social Functioning in Preschoolers: Before Social Information Processing Theory | p. 141 |
Social Problem Solving and Social Functioning in Preschoolers: After the Advent of Social Information Processing Theory | p. 142 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 143 |
Social Problem-Solving Applications: Lessons from the Field | p. 145 |
Introduction: Teaching Social Problem Solving and Positive Social Behaviors to Preschoolers | p. 145 |
Dialoguing as a Key to Social Problem Solving | p. 146 |
Social Problem-Solving Programming | p. 148 |
Social-Emotional Intervention for At-Risk 4-Year-Olds | p. 150 |
Preschool PATHS (Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies) | p. 150 |
Second Step Preschool/Kindergarten | p. 151 |
The Incredible Years | p. 151 |
Other Promising Programs | p. 152 |
Dubas et al. | p. 152 |
Self-Determination Program | p. 152 |
Stevahn, Johnson, Johnson, Oberle, and Wahl Conflict Resolution Program | p. 153 |
Peaceful Kids Conflict Resolution Program | p. 153 |
DECI | p. 153 |
Teachers Learn about Social Problem Solving-Moving from Hypothetical to Real | p. 154 |
Models of Social Problem Solving: Our Experience | p. 155 |
Fine-Tuning Social Problem Solving in the Classroom | p. 158 |
Follow-up Support for Teachers New to Social Problem Solving | p. 160 |
Social Competence Revisited: Relationship Skills | p. 161 |
Social-Emotional Intervention for At-Risk 4-Year-Olds | p. 164 |
Second Step Preschool/Kindergarten | p. 166 |
The Incredible Years | p. 166 |
Other Promising Programs | p. 166 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 166 |
Improving Children's Emotional Competence: Parenting Interventions, Written by Sophie Havighurst | p. 167 |
Introduction to Parenting Sel Interventions | p. 167 |
The Influence of Parenting on Children's Emotional Competence: A Conceptual Framework | p. 168 |
Universal Parenting Programs that Build Children's Emotional Competence | p. 170 |
Izard's Emotion-Based Prevention Program | p. 170 |
Gottman's Emotion Coaching Programming | p. 170 |
Other Approaches | p. 171 |
Emotion-Focused Parenting Programs for High-Risk Children | p. 171 |
The Incredible Years Program | p. 172 |
Exploring Together Preschool Program | p. 172 |
Self-Help Books for Parents | p. 173 |
Essential Parenting: A Program to Build Children's Emotional Competence | p. 174 |
EPREIC and Children's Emotional Expressiveness and Experience | p. 175 |
EPREIC and Children's Emotion Knowledge | p. 175 |
"Emotion Detective" | p. 176 |
Feelings Faces and Feelings Stickers | p. 177 |
Emotion Talk Time | p. 177 |
Story Book Reading--Emotion Coaching and More | p. 177 |
Unforeseen Initial Outcomes for EPREIC: Reasons and Solutions | p. 178 |
Emotion Coaching in the "Heat of the Moment": EPREIC and Children's Regulation of Emotions and Emotion-Related Behavior | p. 178 |
EPREIC and Social Problem Solving | p. 179 |
EPREIC is for Parents, Too: Parent Emotional Self Care and Emotional Regulation | p. 180 |
Final Thoughts on the EPREIC Program | p. 180 |
Research Evaluation of EPREIC | p. 180 |
Future Directions | p. 181 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 182 |
Assessing Emotional and Social Competence During Preschool Years | p. 183 |
Introduction | p. 183 |
Emotional Competence Assessment | p. 185 |
Attachment to Caregivers | p. 185 |
Student-Teacher Relationship Scales | p. 185 |
Attachment Q-Sort (AQS) | p. 186 |
Narrative Story Completions: Children's Views of Their Own Relationships | p. 188 |
Emotional Expressiveness | p. 188 |
Observed Emotional Expressiveness | p. 189 |
Rated Emotional Expressiveness: Temperament | p. 189 |
Emotion Knowledge | p. 190 |
Emotion Regulation | p. 191 |
Emotion Regulation as Process and Product: An Analogue Task | p. 191 |
Rated Emotion Regulation as Product: Teacher Ratings | p. 192 |
Rated Emotion Regulation as Process: Parent Ratings | p. 192 |
Rated Emotion Regulation as Process: Strategies Reported by Parents or Teachers | p. 193 |
Social Competence Assessment | p. 193 |
Teacher Evaluations | p. 194 |
Social Competence/Behavior Evaluation Short Form | p. 194 |
Penn Interactive Preschool Play Scales | p. 194 |
Peer Evaluations | p. 195 |
Social Competence/Emotional Competence "Combined Assessment" | p. 196 |
The Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) | p. 197 |
Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI) | p. 198 |
Infant Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) | p. 198 |
Minnesota Preschool Affect Checklist | p. 200 |
"Authentic Assessment" | p. 201 |
The Hawaii Early Learning Profile | p. 201 |
DECI Strategies | p. 202 |
Assessment of Behavioral Problems | p. 203 |
Summary and Conclusions: Recommendations about Preschool Social-Emotional Assessment | p. 204 |
What "Works": Summarizing our Lessons from the Field | p. 209 |
Overall Considerations | p. 209 |
What Works: Prevention Principles Applied to Programs Reviewed Here | p. 211 |
Program Theoretical Basis | p. 212 |
Comprehensive Programming | p. 212 |
Number of Participants, Randomization of Evaluation Study | p. 212 |
Teacher Training, Intensity of Programming, and Implementation Checks | p. 213 |
Outcomes of Programming | p. 213 |
What Works: Requirements for Early Childhood Sel Programming | p. 215 |
Individualization of Program Techniques | p. 216 |
Infusion | p. 216 |
Classroom Climate, School Ecology, and Neighborhood Context | p. 217 |
School/Family Partnerships | p. 218 |
Cultural Competence | p. 219 |
Reflective Training, Supervision and Consultation | p. 220 |
What "Works": How Well do Programs Reviewed Here Fare? | p. 220 |
Gaps in Science and Practice: Where we Need Toknow More, What "Doesn't Work" | p. 221 |
Synthesis--Dream to Reality | p. 223 |
References | p. 225 |
Index | p. 247 |
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