Social Injustice and Public Health

Part I: Introduction

1: The Nature of Social Injustice and Its Impact on Public Health Barry S. Levy Box 1-1: Concepts of Social Justice Box 1-2: Science and Social Justice Omar Khan and Kawika Liu

Part II: How Social Injustice Affects the Health of Specific Population Groups

2: Socioeconomically Disadvantaged People Michael Marmot and Ruth Bell

3: People of Color Carol Easley Allen and Cheryl E. Easley Box 3-1: Racial and Ethnic Definitions in the U.S. Census Box 3-2: Major Disparities in Infant Mortality and Maternal Mortality Rates of African Americans Compared with Others in the United States Linda Villarosa Box 3-3: The Importance of Teaching Health Professionals About Cultural Competence

4: Women Gina Maranto

5: Children Sara Rosenbaum, Kay A. Johnson, and Rachel Gunsalus Box 5-1: Child Poverty Rates in the United States and Other Countries Barry S. Levy Box 5-2: Children in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Millions Are Dying from Preventable Diseases Kathryn Bolles and M. James Eliades

6: Older People Carroll L. Estes and Steven P. Wallace

7: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender/Transsexual People Emilia Lombardi and Talia Bettcher

8: People with Disabilities Nora Ellen Groce Box 8-1: Terminology Box 8-2: Disability and Education Box 8-3: Similarities and Differences Among People with Disabilities

9: Incarcerated People. Ernest M. Drucker Box 9-1: Political Prisoners William Schulz

10: People Who Are Homeless Elizabeth M. Moore, Theresa H. Cheng, Roya Ijadi-Maghsoodi, and Lillian Gelberg

11: Forced Migrants: Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons Michael Toole

Part III: How Social Injustice Affects Areas of Public Health

12: Medical Care Oliver Fein and H. Jack Geiger Box 12-1: What is Single-payer Health Care? Steffie Woolhandler and David Himmelstein Box 12-2: Improving Medical Care by Teaching Medical Students About Racism Anthony L. Schlaff

13: Infectious Diseases Joia S. Mukherjee and Paul E. Farmer Box 13-1: Case Study of a Man with Tuberculosis

14: Nutrition J. Larry Brown Box 14-1: Definition of Key Terms Box 14-2: Obesity

15: Noncommunicable Diseases Ramla Benmaamar, Madeleine Smith, and Derek Yach Box 15-1: Noncommunicable Disease Inequities in the United States Barry S. Levy

16: Mental Health Carles Muntaner, Edwin Ng, Haejoo Chung, Philipp Hessel, and William W. Eaton Box 16-1: The Opioid Crisis and Social Justice Jay C. Butler

17: Violence James A. Mercy and Sarah DeGue Box 17-1: War and Public Health Barry S. Levy Box 17-2: The International Arms Trade Barry S. Levy Box 17-3: Nuclear Weapons and Social Injustice Robert M. Gould and Patrice M. Sutton

18: Environmental Health Barry S. Levy Box 18-1: Childhood Lead Poisoning Howard Hu Box 18-2: Impact of Natural Disasters on Social Justice Linda Young Landesman Box 18-3: Planetary Health Samuel S. Myers

19: Occupational Health and Safety. Linda Rae Murray Box 19-1: Economic Globalization Ellen R. Shaffer and Joseph E. Brenner

20: Oral Health Myron Allukian, Jr., and Alice M. Horowitz Box 20-1: Oral Health Inequalities in Low-income Countries

21: International and Global Health Barry S. Levy Box 21-1: Trafficking in Persons Box 21-2: Hunger and Malnutrition in Low- and Middle-income Countries Box 21-3: Export of Hazardous Substances from High-income Countries to Low- and Middle-income Countries

Part IV: An Agenda for Action

22: Addressing Social Injustice in a Human Rights Context Sofia Gruskin and Paula Braveman Box 22-1: Promoting the Rights of "Undocumented Immigrants" Carmen R. Nevarez

23: Promoting Social Justice Through Public Health Policies, Programs, and Services Alonzo Plough and Priya Gandhi

24: Strengthening Communities and the Roles of Individuals in Building Community Life Robert E. Aronson, Kay Lovelace, John W. Hatch, and Tony L. Whitehead Box 24-1: Strengthening Communities in Low-Income Countries Gail Snetro-Plewman and Angela Brasington Box 24-2: How a Community-Based Foundation Addresses Health Consequences of Social Injustice Martin D. Cohen

25: Promoting Social Justice Through Education in Public Health Robert S. Lawrence Box 25-1: International Declaration of Health Rights Box 25-2: Teaching Health Equity in a Community-based Program Shelley K. White

26: A Critical Research Agenda for Social Justice and Public Health: An Ecosocial Proposal Nancy Krieger

27: Protecting Human Rights through International and National Law Henry A. Freedman and Martha F. Davis Box 27-1: Preventing Torture Leonard S. Rubenstein and Vincent Iacopino

28: Learning from the Social Movements of the 1960s Oliver Fein and Charlotte Phillips

29: Promoting Health with Equitable and Sustainable Human Development Richard Jolly Box 29-1: The Role of International Non-governmental Organizations in Promoting Equitable and Sustainable Human Development Raymond C. Offenheiser and M. Porter McConnell Box 29-2: The Roles of Foundations in Promoting Equitable and Sustainable Human Development Mark Sidel

Index