| Preface | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. xiii |
| Conventional (Classical) Principles and Practice of Solvent Extraction | |
| Modern (Classical) Fundamental Principles of Solvent Extraction | p. 3 |
| Introduction | p. 5 |
| Solvent Extraction By Solvation | p. 5 |
| Solvent Extraction with Chemical Reactions (By Complexation) | p. 12 |
| Driving Forces of Solvent Extraction | p. 15 |
| Influence of Kinetics Factors | p. 17 |
| Selectivity | p. 34 |
| Factors Affecting Extraction Process | p. 36 |
| Module Design Considerations | p. 49 |
| Experimental Determination of Distribution Ratios | p. 55 |
| Summarizing Remarks | p. 58 References |
| Principles of Solvent Extraction of Organic and Mineral Acids | p. 69 |
| Introduction | p. 69 |
| Extraction of Acids by Carbon-Bonded Oxygen-Donor Extractants and Substituted Hydrocarbon Solvents | p. 71 |
| Phosphorus-Bonded Oxygen Donor Extractants | p. 85 |
| Aliphatic Amine Extractants | p. 89 |
| Extraction of Strong (Inorganic) Acids | p. 98 |
| Summarizing Remarks | p. 102 References |
| Chemistry of Metal Solvent Extraction | p. 113 |
| Introduction | p. 114 |
| Metal Extraction by Cation Exchangers (Acidic Extractants) | p. 114 |
| Metal Extraction by Anion Exchangers (Ion Pair Formation) | p. 27 |
| Extraction Through Formation of H-Bonding and Solvating Complexes | p. 135 |
| Extraction Through Mixed Complex Formation | p. 144 |
| Extractable Complexation of Monovalent Metals | p. 150 |
| Extraction with Aqueous Biphasic Systems | p. 151 |
| References | p. 153 |
| Engineering Development of Solvent Extraction Processes | p. 157 |
| Introduction | p. 157 |
| Extraction Stage | p. 159 |
| Stripping Organic Solutions | p. 169 |
| Extraction Efficiency | p. 170 |
| Equipment Design for Continuous Extraction-Stripping Processes | p. 173 |
| Solvent Losses | p. 182 |
| Economical Considerations | p. 183 |
| Problems with Scale-Up to Industrial Systems | p. 183 References |
| Examples of Application of Solvent Extraction Techniques in Chemical, Radiochemical, Biochemical, Pharmaceutical, Analytical Separations, and Wastewater Treatment | p. 185 |
| Introduction | p. 188 |
| xtraction in Hydrometallurgy (Metals Extraction) | p. 189 |
| Solvent Extraction in Nuclear Chemistry and Technology | p. 218 |
| Solvent Extraction in Analytical Chemistry | p. 239 |
| Application of Solvent Extraction in Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Separations | p. 273 |
| Application of Solvent Extraction in Organic and Biofuels Separation | p. 278 |
| Solvent Extraction in Recovery of Waste and Wastewater Treatment | p. 284 |
| References | p. 297 |
| Novel Competitive Complexation/Solvation Theory(CCST) of Solvent Extraction: Principles and Practice | |
| Backgrounds of the Competitive Complexation/ Solvation Theory of Solvent Extraction | p. 317 |
| Introduction | p. 317 |
| Complexation Through the H-Bonding and Proton Transfer | p. 317 |
| Distribution Isotherm | p. 319 |
| Modified Competitive Preferential Solvation Theory | p. 323 |
| Electronic Acid-Base Theory and Amphoterity | p. 327 |
| Aggregation | p. 328 |
| References | p. 329 |
| Competitive Complexation/Solvation-Theory of Solvent Extraction: General Mechanisms and Kinetics | p. 335 |
| Basic Statements | p. 335 |
| Extraction Systems with Low Solute Concentrations in Organic Phase | p. 336 |
| Systems with Medium Concentrations of the Solute | p. 345 |
| Systems with High Solute Concentrations | p. 348 |
| Comparison of Conventional and Presented Theories Description | p. 350 |
| Summarizing Remarks for the CCST | p. 351 |
| References | p. 352 |
| CCST in Engineering Design, Procedures, and Calculations | p. 355 |
| Introduction | p. 355 |
| Engineering Considerations in Experimental Investigation of CCST | p. 356 |
| Experimental Techniques for the Presented Theory | p. 358 |
| Determination of Extraction Constant and its Comparison with CCST Affinity Constant Ratios | p. 361 |
| Analytical Methods Used for the CCST Verification | p. 363 |
| Transferability of the Values of Affinity Constant Ratios | p. 364 |
| References | p. 364 |
| The CCST in Solvent Extraction of Acids by Amine-Based Extractants | p. 367 |
| Introduction | p. 367 |
| Acid-Amine Systems in the CCST Interpretation | p. 372 |
| The Systems with Active Solvent as an Additive | p. 381 |
| Experimental Application of the CCST in Carboxylic Acids Extraction | p. 384 |
| Summarizing Remarks | p. 395 |
| References | p. 397 |
| Competitive Complexation/Solvation Theory in Metal Solvent Extraction | p. 399 |
| Introduction | p. 399 |
| CCST Basic Statements | p. 400 |
| Mathematical Supplement for the CCST in Metal Extraction | p. 415 |
| Experimental Verification of the CCST Approach | p. 423 |
| Summarizing Remarks | p. 427 |
| p. 428 |
| Final Remarks on the Competitive Complexation/ Solvation Theory of Solvent Extraction and its Application | p. 433 |
| Modern and Future Trends in Fundamentals and Applications of Solvent Extraction | |
| Modern and Future Trends in Fundamentals of Solvent Extraction | p. 439 |
| Introduction | p. 439 |
| Novel Molecular Models Theoretical Approach | p. 440 |
| Low Energy Reactions Measurement | p. 442 |
| Expected Advances in Kinetics Studies | p. 442 |
| Supramolecular (SUPRAS) Theoretical Approach | p. 443 |
| References | p. 449 |
| Advances in Development of Solvents for Liquid-Liquid Extraction | p. 451 |
| Introduction | p. 452 |
| Organic Solvents | p. 453 |
| Water as a Solvent | p. 457 |
| Renewable Water-Based Solvents | p. 458 |
| Ionic Liquids as Solvents for Extraction | p. 465 |
| Amphiphilic Compounds (Supramolecules) as Solvents in Solvent Extraction | p. 467 |
| Extraction by Microemulsion | p. 471 |
| Recovery of Reagents | p. 474 |
| Future Trends in the Development of New Solvents | p. 475 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 477 |
| References | p. 478 |
| Recent Advances in Solvent Extraction Processes and Techniques | p. 483 |
| Introduction | p. 484 |
| Equipment Design and Scale-Up Considerations | p. 485 |
| Supercritical Fluid Extraction | p. 486 |
| Subcritical Water Extraction | p. 493 |
| Aqueous Two-Phase Systems | p. 498 |
| Extraction Processes with Ionic Liquids | p. 499 |
| Liquid Membrane and Nondispersive, Membrane-Based Solvent Extraction Techniques | p. 501 |
| Supramolecular-Based Extraction Techniques | p. 504 |
| Solid-Liquid Extraction Systems | p. 511 |
| Assisted Solvent Extraction | p. 513 |
| Extraction of Gas in Analytical Applications | p. 514 |
| References | p. 515 |
| Appendix | p. 525 |
| Index | p. 539 |
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