| Acknowledgments | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Romans Debate: Narrowing the Options | p. 9 |
| The Integrity of the Letter | p. 10 |
| Radical Partition Theories | p. 10 |
| A Fourteen-Chapter Version of Romans | p. 13 |
| A Fifteen-Chapter Version of Romans | p. 16 |
| The Origin of the Roman Church | p. 24 |
| The Occasion and Purpose of Romans | p. 26 |
| A Summary of Paul's Theology | p. 26 |
| The Jerusalem Trip as the Purpose for Paul's Writing | p. 29 |
| Romans as Preparation for the Spanish Mission | p. 32 |
| Providing an Apostolic Foundation for a "Church," | p. 34 |
| Exercising Authority as Apostle to the Gentiles | p. 37 |
| The Lack of a Concrete Situation at Rome | p. 37 |
| An Apologetic Purpose | p. 42 |
| Separate Jewish Christian and Gentile Christian Assemblies Urged to Worship Together | p. 49 |
| The Tension Between the Strong and the Weak over Mosaic Customs in the Wake of the Edict of Claudius | p. 51 |
| Conclusion | p. 52 |
| The Ethnic Identity of the Roman Congregations: The Internal Evidence | p. 53 |
| An Exclusively Gentile Audience | p. 54 |
| The Letter Opening (Romans 1:1-7) | p. 54 |
| The Thanksgiving Section (Romans 1:8-15) | p. 60 |
| The Apostolic Parousia (Romans 15:15-16) | p. 64 |
| A Direct Address to the Audience (Romans 11:13) | p. 67 |
| Further Evidence of the Addressees as Gentiles (Romans 6:19; 13:11-14) | p. 69 |
| The Category of God-Fearer | p. 70 |
| Potential Evidence for Jewish Addressees | p. 82 |
| Knowledge of the Scriptures | p. 82 |
| Direct Address to the "Jew" (Romans 2:17-29) | p. 87 |
| The Listing of Jews in Romans 16;1-16 | p. 90 |
| Further Evidence for Jews in the Audience | p. 103 |
| The Weak of Romans 14:1-15:6 | p. 106 |
| Conclusion | p. 113 |
| Former God-Fearers or Synagogue Subgroup? | p. 115 |
| The Compatibility of Romans 14:1-15:13 with Jewish-Christian Relations in Rome | p. 118 |
| The Credibility of Paul's Exhortations to Non-Christian Jews in Romans 14:1-15:13 | p. 121 |
| "Your Brother," a Reference to Non-Christian Jews | p. 123 |
| The Monotheistic Character of the Appeal to the" Weak" | p. 126 |
| Romans 14:22b-23 as Condemnation of the "Strong" for Eating in Doubt | p. 128 |
| Internal Consistency in Romans 1-11 | p. 131 |
| The Incompatibility of Paul's Approval of the "Weak" and Their Observance of the Law | p. 132 |
| "Weak" as Meaning "Stumbling" | p. 135 |
| The Analogy of Abraham, Not Weak in Faith (Romans 4:19-21) | p. 137 |
| Other Evidence That the Weak Are Non-Christ-Believing | p. 140 |
| Evaluation | p. 148 |
| Claudius's Edict of Expulsion: The External Evidence | p. 149 |
| Suetonius: Chrestus/Christus? | p. 150 |
| The Date: 49 CE | p. 158 |
| The Expulsion of the Entire Jewish Population of Rome? | p. 162 |
| Dio Cassius versus Suetonius: Two Separate Actions | p. 167 |
| Christ-Believing God-Fearers Expelled? | p. 171 |
| Separate Christian Assemblies | p. 181 |
| Popular Anti-Judaism and the Evolving Roman Christian Community | p. 193 |
| Separation of Jews and Christians: Claudius to Nero | p. 197 |
| Summary | p. 201 |
| Reading Romans with the Encoded Audience: Romans 7:7-25 and Romans 11:25-26 | p. 203 |
| Romans 7:7-25: Resolving Perennial Conundrums | p. 204 |
| Romans 7:14-25 | p. 204 |
| Romans 7:7-12 | p. 214 |
| The Gentile God-Fearer's Experience of Life "under" the Law | p. 223 |
| Romans 11:25-26: New Emphases | p. 235 |
| "All Israel" as the Church: N. T. Wright | p. 236 |
| "All Israel" as the Jewish Remnant throughout History | p. 245 |
| Conclusion | p. 261 |
| Abbreviations | p. 265 |
| Bibliography | p. 269 |
| Indices | p. 299 |
| Index of Authors | p. 299 |
| Index of Subjects | p. 304 |
| Index of Primary Sources | p. 308 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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