SPSS Version 20.0 for Windows

Preface vi

SECTION 1
How to use SPSS 1

CHAPTER 1
Introduction to SPSS 3
Getting started 3
The SPSS environment 4

CHAPTER 2
Preparation of data files 27
Working example 27
Defining variables 27

CHAPTER 3
Data screening and
transformation 37
Working example 37
Errors in data entry 38
Assessing normality 39
Assessing normality by group 44
Variable transformation 44
Data transformation 50

CHAPTER 4
Descriptive statistics 58
Frequency distributions 58
Measures of central tendency and variability 58
Working example 58
The Descriptives command 62

CHAPTER 5
Correlation 64
Assumption testing 64
Working example 65

CHAPTER 6
t-tests 69
Assumption testing 69
Working example 69
The one-sample t-test 70
t-tests with more than one sample 71
Repeated-measures t-test 72
The independent-groups t-test 73

CHAPTER 7
One-way between-groups
ANOVA with post-hoc
comparisons 79
Assumption testing 79
Working example 80

CHAPTER 8
One-way between-groups
ANOVA with planned
comparisons 84
Assumption testing 85
Working example 85

CHAPTER 9
Two-way between-groups
ANOVA 89
Assumption testing 89
Working example 90

CHAPTER 10
One-way repeated-measures
ANOVA 97
Assumption testing 97
Working example 97

CHAPTER 11
Two-way repeated-measures
ANOVA 102
Assumption testing 102
Working example 102

CHAPTER 12
Trend analysis 107
Assumption testing 107
Working example 107

CHAPTER 13
Mixed/split plot design
(SPANOVA) 111
Assumption testing 111
Working example 111

CHAPTER 14
One-way analysis of
covariance (ANCOVA) 117
Assumption testing 117
Working example 118

CHAPTER 15
Reliability analysis 124
Working example 124

CHAPTER 16
Factor analysis 128
Assumption testing 129
Working example 129

CHAPTER 17
Multiple regression 139
Assumption testing 140
Working example 140

CHAPTER 18
Multiple analysis of variance
(MANOVA) 151
Assumption testing 151
Working example 152
Data screening 153

CHAPTER 19
Nonparametric
techniques 161
Chi-square tests 161
Assumption testing 161
Working example â" chi-square test for goodness of fit 162
Working example â" chi-square test for relatedness or independence 166
Mannâ"Whitney U test (Wilcoxon rank sum W test) 170
Working example 170
Wilcoxon signed-rank test 172
Working example 172
Kruskalâ"Wallis test 175
Working example 175
Friedman test 178
Working example 178
Spearmanâs rank-order correlation 181
Working example 181

CHAPTER 20
Multiple response analysis and multiple dichotomy analysis 184
Multiple response analysis 184
Working example 185
Multiple dichotomy analysis 188
Working example 188

CHAPTER 21
Multidimensional scaling 193
Working example 193

CHAPTER 22
Working with output 201
Editing output in the SPSS Viewer 201
SECTION 2
Analysing data with IBM
SPSS 217

CHAPTER 23
Introduction and research
questions 219
Working example 219

CHAPTER 24
Practising analytical
techniques 251
Section 1: Short homework exercises 251

SECTION 3
Further practice 259

CHAPTER 25
Extra practice 261
Practice example 2: Preparation of data files 262
Practice example 3: Data screening and transformation 263
Practice example 4: Descriptive statistics 263
Practice example 5: Correlation 264
Practice example 6: t-tests 264
Practice example 7: One-way between-groups
ANOVA with post-hoc comparisons 264
Practice example 8: One-way between-groups
ANOVA with planned comparisons 265
Practice example 9: Two-way between-groups
ANOVA 265
Practice example 10: One-way repeatedmeasures
ANOVA 265
Practice example 11: Two-way repeatedmeasures
ANOVA 265
Practice example 12: Trend analysis 266
Practice example 13: Mixed/split plot design
(SPANOVA) 266
Practice example 14: One-way analysis of
covariance (ANCOVA) 266
Practice example 15: Reliability analysis 267
Practice example 16: Factor analysis 267
Practice example 17: Regression 267
Practice example 18: MANOVA 268
Practice examples 19aâ"19g: Nonparametric tests 268

Appendix 271
Index 277