Introduction to facility project management | p. 1 |
Project management | p. 1 |
Project philosophy | p. 3 |
Planning | p. 3 |
People | p. 5 |
Control | p. 6 |
Contracting | p. 6 |
References | p. 8 |
Project formation | p. 9 |
Conceptual development | p. 9 |
Functional objectives | p. 10 |
Schedule objectives | p. 11 |
Budget objectives | p. 12 |
Organizing | p. 16 |
Team selection | p. 17 |
Project charter | p. 19 |
Roles and responsibilities | p. 20 |
Alignment | p. 20 |
Project alternatives | p. 22 |
Analyzing technology | p. 23 |
Project management | p. 24 |
Site evaluation | p. 24 |
Conceptual scope and estimate | p. 27 |
Scope definition | p. 28 |
Conceptual estimate | p. 28 |
Evaluation | p. 30 |
Project definition | p. 31 |
Risk analysis | p. 31 |
Execution approach | p. 34 |
Project control guidelines | p. 34 |
Defining the project team | p. 37 |
The owner's team | p. 37 |
Approach | p. 38 |
Selecting the architectural and engineering firm | p. 38 |
When | p. 38 |
How | p. 39 |
Preparing the request for proposal | p. 40 |
Proposal review | p. 43 |
Selection criteria | p. 46 |
Technical qualifications | p. 46 |
Management qualifications | p. 47 |
The subtleties | p. 48 |
Selecting the construction contractor | p. 48 |
Engineer/procure/construct (EPC) | p. 49 |
General contractor | p. 49 |
Construction management | p. 50 |
Selection process | p. 50 |
Facility programming | p. 53 |
First step | p. 53 |
The process | p. 54 |
Gathering data | p. 54 |
Steps | p. 55 |
Space requirements | p. 59 |
Quality of construction | p. 63 |
Budget | p. 64 |
Time | p. 64 |
Path forward | p. 65 |
Types of information | p. 65 |
Function | p. 65 |
Form | p. 65 |
Economy | p. 66 |
Time | p. 68 |
Communication | p. 69 |
Results | p. 69 |
References | p. 71 |
Project control | p. 73 |
Basic elements | p. 73 |
Plan the work, work the plan | p. 74 |
Work breakdown structure | p. 75 |
Estimating | p. 76 |
Preliminary estimates | p. 77 |
Detailed estimates | p. 78 |
Estimate development | p. 79 |
Factored estimates | p. 80 |
Analysis of factored estimates--Rules of thumb | p. 82 |
Estimate trending | p. 84 |
Contingency development and management | p. 85 |
Schedule | p. 87 |
Schedule development and evaluation | p. 87 |
Summary schedules | p. 87 |
Activity breakdown | p. 89 |
Long lead-time activities | p. 89 |
Sequencing | p. 91 |
Activity durations | p. 92 |
Cash flow | p. 94 |
Project completion | p. 95 |
Mechanical completion vs. commissioning | p. 95 |
Schedule integration | p. 97 |
Engineering and procurement | p. 98 |
Engineering and construction | p. 99 |
Building vs. turnover | p. 101 |
The project and the product | p. 103 |
Change control | p. 103 |
Scope changes | p. 103 |
Baseline changes | p. 104 |
Managing change | p. 105 |
Objectives of change control | p. 106 |
Results | p. 107 |
Case example--Preliminary engineering | p. 109 |
Change control during construction | p. 109 |
Progress monitoring | p. 110 |
Status | p. 110 |
Analysis | p. 111 |
Value engineering | p. 114 |
Defining value | p. 114 |
Value engineering defined | p. 114 |
The VE process | p. 114 |
Pareto's law | p. 117 |
VE results | p. 117 |
Reporting | p. 121 |
Project status | p. 122 |
Summary | p. 123 |
Period progress | p. 124 |
Where to next? | p. 126 |
Current good manufacturing practice: Project impacts | p. 129 |
What does the FDA look for? | p. 130 |
Buildings and facilities | p. 130 |
Materials handling and storage | p. 131 |
Equipment | p. 131 |
Engineering design | p. 131 |
Cleanliness | p. 133 |
General construction cleanliness | p. 133 |
Piping, HVAC, and equipment | p. 134 |
Documentation | p. 135 |
Qualification and validation | p. 135 |
Master plan | p. 136 |
Design qualification | p. 137 |
Installation qualification | p. 138 |
Turnover package | p. 139 |
Operational qualification | p. 139 |
Performance qualification | p. 142 |
Execution | p. 142 |
Project budgets | p. 143 |
Schedules | p. 145 |
References | p. 145 |
Validation master plan | p. 146 |
Sample installation qualification (IQ) for WFI system | p. 148 |
Turnover Packages | p. 176 |
Mechanical systems | p. 181 |
Process piping | p. 182 |
Design issues | p. 182 |
Fabrication and installation | p. 184 |
System cost | p. 184 |
Constructability reviews | p. 184 |
Material procurement | p. 188 |
Cleanliness | p. 191 |
Documentation | p. 192 |
Testing, cleaning, and passivation | p. 195 |
Modular fabrication concepts | p. 195 |
Potential problems--What can go wrong | p. 197 |
Inspection | p. 198 |
Contracting--Finding the right company | p. 200 |
HVAC systems | p. 203 |
Facility requirements | p. 204 |
Design issues | p. 206 |
Filtration | p. 208 |
Temperature | p. 208 |
Pressurization | p. 210 |
Facility layout | p. 212 |
Cost savings--Where to look | p. 212 |
Construction and installation issues | p. 213 |
Operation costs--What you should know | p. 214 |
References | p. 216 |
GMP compliance in architectural design and construction | p. 217 |
Layout | p. 217 |
Segregation and flows | p. 218 |
Space considerations | p. 220 |
Service areas--Where do you put all this stuff? | p. 221 |
Accessibility | p. 231 |
Cleanliness and cleanability | p. 233 |
Material selection | p. 234 |
Flooring systems | p. 235 |
Walls | p. 235 |
Ceilings | p. 236 |
Construction issues | p. 236 |
Details | p. 236 |
Costs | p. 241 |
Optional methods | p. 242 |
Renovation | p. 245 |
Issues | p. 246 |
References | p. 249 |
Commissioning | p. 251 |
What is commissioning? | p. 251 |
Commissioning and project execution | p. 252 |
Qualification | p. 252 |
Commissioning to support validation | p. 253 |
Benefits of commissioning | p. 254 |
The commissioning team | p. 255 |
Roles and responsibilities | p. 257 |
Scheduling the effort | p. 258 |
When to start planning | p. 258 |
When to start execution | p. 264 |
Functional and performance testing | p. 265 |
Documentation | p. 265 |
What types of documents? | p. 267 |
Lists | p. 267 |
Plans and procedures | p. 267 |
Installation and inspection | p. 267 |
Submittal requirements | p. 268 |
Closeout | p. 268 |
Commissioning problem sources | p. 269 |
References | p. 270 |
Quality management to meet regulatory requirements | p. 271 |
Engineering quality and compliance | p. 271 |
Quality overkill | p. 271 |
GMP reviews | p. 272 |
Specification language | p. 272 |
Detail | p. 277 |
Inspection philosophy | p. 282 |
Construction quality | p. 284 |
Program implementation | p. 284 |
Program attributes | p. 285 |
GMP walk-downs | p. 285 |
Requirements meeting | p. 285 |
Benchmarking | p. 285 |
Mock-up | p. 285 |
Closure inspection | p. 286 |
Punchlist | p. 286 |
Quality in work execution | p. 286 |
Architectural | p. 286 |
Sanitary piping | p. 287 |
HVAC | p. 288 |
Electrical | p. 288 |
Purchase orders | p. 288 |
Lessons learned | p. 289 |
References | p. 290 |
Establishment licensing | p. 291 |
What is the BLA? | p. 294 |
Establishment information | p. 294 |
General information | p. 295 |
Buildings and facilities | p. 295 |
Animal areas | p. 296 |
Equipment | p. 296 |
Production and testing | p. 302 |
Records | p. 302 |
Personnel | p. 302 |
The pre-BLA meeting | p. 303 |
Inspection | p. 303 |
Containment basics | p. 307 |
Regulatory requirements | p. 308 |
Containment design | p. 310 |
Primary containment | p. 310 |
Equipment design | p. 310 |
Drainage and effluent treatment | p. 313 |
Secondary containment | p. 315 |
Layout and building design | p. 315 |
HVAC systems | p. 318 |
Operational procedures | p. 320 |
Project impact | p. 320 |
References | p. 320 |
Sample gowning/degowning procedure | p. 321 |
Multiproduct facilities for biologics | p. 325 |
Regulatory background | p. 326 |
Definitions | p. 326 |
Engineering design | p. 328 |
Facility design | p. 328 |
Process description | p. 328 |
Layout | p. 329 |
HVAC systems | p. 332 |
Sterilization systems | p. 335 |
Open vs. closed systems | p. 335 |
Scheduling | p. 336 |
Changeover | p. 336 |
Personnel | p. 339 |
Equipment | p. 339 |
Environmental monitoring | p. 340 |
Cleaning/changeover validation | p. 340 |
Defining clean | p. 341 |
Cleaning validation | p. 342 |
Manufacturing considerations | p. 342 |
Fermentation | p. 342 |
Purification | p. 343 |
Filling | p. 34 |
References | p. 346 |
Sample changeover cleaning procedure | p. 348 |
Contract formulation and philosophy | p. 351 |
What is a contract? | p. 351 |
Format | p. 352 |
Basic elements | p. 352 |
Execution formats | p. 353 |
Lump sum | p. 353 |
Other fixed-price contract forms | p. 354 |
Cost-plus contracts | p. 355 |
Time and expenses, time and material | p. 355 |
Design-build vs. construction management | p. 356 |
Scope of work | p. 356 |
Bid analysis and selection process | p. 357 |
References | p. 358 |
Future trends | p. 359 |
Manufacturing | p. 359 |
Manufacturing technologies | p. 360 |
Industry restructuring | p. 361 |
Regulatory changes | p. 361 |
References | p. 362 |
Index | p. 363 |
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