Stone Matrix Asphalt

The Concept of Stone Matrix Asphalt A Brief History From Germany to!or SMA All Over the World Strengths and Weaknesses of SMA Differences in SMAs around the World Content of SMA Skeleton of Coarse Aggregates A Definition of an SMA Aggregate Skeleton Formation of a Coarse Aggregate Skeleton Gap Gradation A Definition of the SMA Skeleton According to the Original German Method A Definition of the SMA Skeleton with Other Methods Comments on the Presented Methods Among the Skeleton Grains Summary Mastic Fine Aggregate Filler Binder Summary Stabilizers (Drainage Inhibitors) The Draindown Effect Stabilizers (Drainage Inhibitors) Proper Selection of the Amount of a Stabilizer in a Mix Testing Methods for Stabilizers Binder Draindown Testing Summary Requirements for SMA Materials Requirements for Aggregates Requirements for Binders Requirements for Stabilizers Reclaimed Asphalt Other Materials Designing SMA Composition Selecting SMA Gradation and Size General Rules Designing an Aggregate Mix by Applying Gradation Limits Designing a Binder Content Requirements for an SMA Mixture Design Summary Overview of SMA Design Methods The German Method The U.S. Method The Czech Method The Dutch Method Other Methods of Design Analyses and Laboratory Tests Preparing Samples in a Laboratory Draindown Testing Filler Tests The Production of SMA Requirements for the Organization of an Asphalt Mixing Plant Practical Considerations of the SMA Production Process The Production Process Storing the Ready-Made SMA Mixture in a Silo SMA Mixture Production Control Transport and Laydown of the SMA Mixture Transport of the Mixture to a Laydown Site Laydown Conditions Placement of a Mixture Compaction Placement of SMA in Kompaktasphalt Technique Finishing the Layer Opening to Traffic Problems Longitudinal Fat Spots of Binder Longitudinal Fat Spots of Mastic Small Circular Fat Spots Stabilizer Lumps Too Closed an SMA Structure Too Porous an SMA Structure SMA Seepage and Permeability to Water Problems Related to Temperature and Laying Techniques Squeezed-Out Mastic in Wheel Paths SMA Susceptibility to Polishing Overdosage of an Antistrip Additive Characteristics of the SMA Course Rutting Resistance Crack Resistance Fatigue Life Workability Compactability Antinoise Properties Antiskid Properties Durability: Water and Frost Resistance Antispray and Light Reflection Properties Permeability Fuel Consumption Economical Effectiveness Special Applications of SMA Airfield Pavements SMA on Bridge Deck Structures Thin SMA Courses Atypical SMAs European Standards Concerning SMA The European Standard EN 13108-5 Definitions Identification of an SMA Mixture Requirements for Constituent Materials Requirements for an SMA Mix Temperatures of Asphalt Mixtures Evaluation of Conformity Factory Production Control EN 13108-21 Examples of Requirements Afterword References Index