Supernatural as Natural: A Biocultural Approach to Religion | |
Preface | |
Introduction | |
Religion's Family Resemblances | |
Religion, Spirituality, and Religiosity | |
Overview of Book | |
Anthropology and the Study of Religion | |
Introduction to the Anthropological Study of Religion | |
Western Perspectives on Religion | |
The Development of Anthropological Approaches to Religion | |
The Four-Field Approach of Anthropology | |
Conclusion: The Biocultural Approach to the Study of Religiosity | |
Our World and How We Know It | |
Introduction | |
Science, Religion, and the Universe | |
Mysticism as Science | |
Conclusions: Comparing Science and Religion | |
Consciousness and Spiritual Experiences | |
Opening vignette: Visionary Spiritual Experiences and the Origins of Major Religious Traditions | |
Introduction | |
What is Consciousness? | |
The Biological Bases of Spiritual Consciousness: The Integrative Mode of Consciousness | |
Origins of Religious Experiences: Natural Induction of the Integrative Mode of Consciousness | |
Adaptive Aspects of the Integrative Mode of Consciousness | |
Conclusion: Religious Experience as Personal Experience of Biology | |
Appendix: Assessing Mystical Experiences/Hood's Mysticism Scale | |
Animal Rituals and the Roots of Religiosity | |
Introduction | |
Ritual in the Animal World What are Rituals? | |
The Triune Brain and Ritual Behavior Animal Rituals The Evolution of Ritual Behaviors | |
Conclusions: The Animal Roots of Human Ritual Activity | |
The Origins of Shamanism and the Flowering of Religiosity | |
Introduction | |
Evidence for the Emergence of New Forms of Ritual What are Shamans? | |
The Evolutionary Origins of Spiritual Experiences Psilocybin-Containing Mushrooms as Sources of Spiritual Experiences | |
The Middle/Upper Paleolithic Transition and Human Cultural Evolution Human Cognitive Evolution | |
The Emergence of Specialized Intelligences "Complex Hunter-Gatherer Type Religions" | |
The Rise of Ancestor Cults and Priests | |
Conclusions | |
Origins and Functions of Religious Healing Introduction | |
Religious Healing as a Cultural Universal | |
The Co-Evolution of Healing and Religiosity Shamanism as a Foundation for Religious Healing Adaptations Religious Adaptations in Healing Processes | |
Conclusions: Shamanic Healing and the Holistic Imperative | |
Religion and Cognition | |
How Religion Shapes How We Think Introduction | |
Religious Ideas and the Structure of the Universe Animism | |
The Belief in Spirit Beings Myth and the Universe Substantive Beliefs Conclusions | |
Spirit Concepts as Indigenous Psychologies | |
Religion and Emotions | |
Introduction Bronislav Malinowski | |
The Emotional Adaptiveness of Magic and Religion Sigmund Freud and the Roles of the Unconscious in Religion Religion, Sex, and Gender | |
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