Sustainable Transport Fuels Business Briefing

1.1 About this book 1.2 Who it is for 1.3 Catalysts for change 2. The transport revolution 2.1 Rio+20 2.2 Consumer pressure 2.3 Regional legislation 2.3.1 European Union 2.3.1.1 Emission reduction 2.3.1.2 Biofuels 2.3.2 United States 2.4 The IEA Roadmap 2.5 UK capital allowances 2.6 Further institutional support 2.7 Carbon capture and storage (CCS) 2.8 Flywheel technology 2.9 Compressed air 2.10 The auto-maker's gamble 3. Biofuels 3.1 Generations of biofuel 3.1.1 First generation 3.1.2 Second generation 3.1.3 Third generation 3.2 Conversion processes 3.3 Types of biofuels 3.3.1 Bioethanol 3.3.2 Conventional Biodiesel 3.3.3 Biomethane 3.3.4 Cellulosic ethanol 3.3.5 Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) 3.3.6 Biomass-to-liquids (BtL) diesel 3.3.7 Bio-synthetic gas 3.4 Are biofuels sustainable? 3.4.1 Greenhouse gas balance of biofuels 3.4.2 Indirect land-use change emissions 3.4.3 Existing sustainability schemes 3.4.4 How much land would we need? 3.4.5 The water challenge 3.4.6 Social aspects of biofuels 3.4.7 Sustainable solutions 3.5 Promising feedstocks 3.5.1 Cellulosic biomass 3.5.2 Jatropha 3.5.3 Algae 3.6 Prospects for biofuels 3.6.1 Biorefineries 3.6.2 Micro-organisms 3.6.3 Syngas 3.6.4 Road freight 3.6.5 Aviation fuel 3.7 Partnerships, mergers & aquisitions 3.8 Structural challenges 4. Electric vehicles 4.1 Hybrids 4.2 The advantages of EVs 4.3 Carbon impacts 4.4 Vehicle charging 4.4.1 Standards 4.4.2 How to charge an EV 4.4.3 Which type of charge point? 4.4.4 Battery charging times 4.4.5 Induction charging 4.5 Battery development 4.6 Charging point roll-out 4.6.1 Plugged-in Places 4.6.2 Charging technology market leaders 4.6.3 The winning strategies 4.7 EV Fleets 4.8 Smart grids and EVs 5. Fuel cells 5.1 What is a fuel cell? 5.2 Fuel cell vehicle developments 5.2.1 Bringing costs down 5.3 Hydrazine hydrate 5.4 Hydrogen vehicles 5.4.1 Hydrogen 5.4.2 Hydrogen generation 5.5 Fuelling infrastructure 5.5.1 Niche markets 5.6 Electric fuel cell scooters 5.7 Future prospects Conclusion Further information