Sustainable Water For The Future

Water Recycling versus Desalination

By: Andrea Schafer, Isabel C. Escobar

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Hardcover | 28 October 2009

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444 Pages

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22.9 x 15.2 x 3.3

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This book is part of a series on sustainability. Specifically, it deals with the issue of sustainable water use. Fresh sources of potable water are being depleted across the world. Pure water is the goal of water utilities as well as several industries. Well past the experimental stage, membrane processes are now a proven and reliable method of providing high-quality, cost-effective water. Membrane technologies have immediate applications to treatment of fresh, brackish and sea waters, as well as wastewater reclamation. With innovative module design and engineering, micro- and ultra-filtrations have become effective and economical for drinking water production, particularly for removal of microorganisms. Membrane bioreactors are being developed for municipal and industrial water recycling. Various membrane processes are also used to remove contaminants from industrial wastewaters.

This book covers the fundamental and practical concepts and issues regarding the application of membrane technologies for sustainable water treatment. It describes and compares the effectiveness of desalination versus water recycling for long-term sustainable water use.

Describes the global water situation with respect to sustainability
Emphasizes the role of membrane technologies
Compares the strategies of water recycling and desalination

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Biochemical Engineering Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning The Environment Environmental Management Drought & Water Supply Environmental Science Sanitary & Municipal Engineering Water Supply & Treatment Water Purification & Desalinisation

List of Contributors	p. xiii
Foreword	p. xvii
Acknowledgments	p. xix
Water Situation
An Overview of the Global Water Situation	p. 3
References	p. 5
Global Desalination Situation	p. 7
Introduction	p. 7
Historical Development	p. 8
Global Installed Desalination Capacity	p. 11
Regional Destination Situation	p. 17
Environmental Concerns of Seawater Desalination	p. 24
Summary and Conclusion	p. 35
References	p. 38
The Global Water Recycling Situation	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
Short History of Reuse Applications	p. 43
Water Recycling Today	p. 44
Water Recycling in the USA	p. 45
Water Recycling in Asia	p. 52
Water Recycling in Europe	p. 54
Water Recycling in Australia	p. 56
Water Recycling in other Parts of the World	p. 58
Conclusions and Further Challenges	p. 60
References	p. 61
Desalination Technologies
Desalination: Reverse Osmosis and Membrane Distillation	p. 65
Reverse Osmosis	p. 65
Membrane Distillation	p. 83
References	p. 91
Salinity Gradient Energy	p. 95
Introduction	p. 95
Theoretical Potential of Salinity Gradient Energy	p. 97
Pressure-Retarded Osmosis	p. 101
Reverse Electrodialysis	p. 118
Concluding remarks	p. 136
References	p. 137
Ion-Exchange Membrane Processes in Water Treatment	p. 141
Introduction	p. 141
Transport of Ions in Membranes and Solutions	p. 152
Ion-Exchange Membranes, and their Properties and Preparation	p. 160
The Design of Ion-Exchange Membrane Separation Processes	p. 165
Applications of Ion-Exchange Membrane Separation Processes	p. 185
List of symbols	p. 196
References	p. 198
Water Recycling Technologies
Micropollutants in Water Recycling: A Case Study of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Exposure from Water versus Food	p. 203
Introduction	p. 204
Characteristics, Formation, and Sources of NDMA	p. 205
Human Exposure to NDMA	p. 211
Regulation of NDMA in Drinking Water	p. 216
Control of NDMA in Water	p. 217
Conclusions	p. 222
References	p. 222
TiO₂-Based Advanced Oxidation Nanotechnologies for Water Purification and Reuse	p. 229
Role of Advanced Oxidation Technologies for Innovative Water Treatment	p. 230
TiO₂ Photocatalytic Processes: Green Chemistry and Engineering	p. 232
Mechanism of TiO₂ Photocatalysis	p. 232
Photocatalytic Water and Wastewater Treatment and Purification	p. 237
Applications of TiO₂ Photocatalysis	p. 241
Challenges and Issues in TiO₂ Photocatalysis for Water Treatment	p. 242
Current Advances in TiO₂ Photocatalysis	p. 246
Economic Aspect of TiO₂ Photocatalysis	p. 249
Concluding Remark: Advanced Oxidation Nanotechnologies and Sustainability	p. 250
Acknowledgments	p. 251
References	p. 251
Membrane Bioreactors: Theory and Applications to Wastewater Reuse	p. 255
Introduction	p. 255
Membrane Bioreactor Fundamentals	p. 256
Contaminant Removal	p. 270
Application of Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Reuse	p. 275
References	p. 289
Concentrate Disposal Options
Concentrate Treatment for Inland Desalting	p. 295
Introduction	p. 295
Background	p. 296
Concentrate Production	p. 297
RO Concentrate Treatment Technologies	p. 301
Conclusion	p. 319
References	p. 322
Inland Desalination: Current Practices, Environmental Implications, and Case Studies in Las Vegas, NV	p. 327
Introduction	p. 327
Strategies for Inland Brine Disposal: ZLD and Fluidized Bed Crystallizers	p. 330
Beneficial Uses of Brine By-Products	p. 334
Las Vegas Valley Shallow Groundwater Study	p. 335
Zero-Liquid Discharge with Fluidized Bed Crystallizer Study	p. 339
Test Results	p. 339
Treatment Costs and Energy Requirements	p. 343
Outcomes and Future Considerations	p. 347
References	p. 348
Comparison of Desalination versus Water Recycling
Renewable Energy Powered Water Treatment Systems	p. 353
Introduction	p. 353
Renewable Energy in the World Today	p. 355
Renewable Energy Powered Water Treatment Technologies	p. 360
Synergy between Renewable Energy Resource and Water Supply	p. 361
Small-Scale Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Filtration Plants	p. 367
Conclusions	p. 370
References	p. 371
Desalinated Versus Recycled Water: What Does the Public Think?	p. 375
Introduction	p. 375
Prior Work	p. 376
Methodology	p. 377
Results	p. 378
Conclusions	p. 384
Acknowledgments	p. 386
References	p. 386
Conclusion: A Summary of Challenges still Facing Desalination and Water Reuse	p. 389
Challenges Facing Desalination	p. 390
Challenges Facing Water Reuse	p. 391
Cross-Cutting Needs	p. 393
References	p. 395
Subject Index	p. 399
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Sustainable Water For The Future

Water Recycling versus Desalination

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

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