Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method
By: Alok Sutradhar, Glaucio Paulino, Leonard J. Gray
Hardcover | 15 October 2008
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276 Pages
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Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method presents an introduction as well as recent developments of this accurate, powerful, and versatile method. The formulation possesses the attractive feature of producing a symmetric coefficient matrix. In addition, the Galerkin approximation allows standard continuous elements to be used for evaluation of hypersingular integrals.
FEATURES
* Written in a form suitable for a graduate level textbook as well as a self-learning tutorial in the field.
* Covers applications in two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems of potential theory and elasticity. Additional basic topics involve axisymmetry, multi-zone and interface formulations. More advanced topics include fluid flow (wave breaking over a sloping beach), non-homogeneous media, functionally graded materials (FGMs), anisotropic elasticity, error estimation, adaptivity, and fracture mechanics.
* Presents integral equations as a basis for the formulation of general symmetric Galerkin boundary element methods and their corresponding numerical implementation.
* Designed to convey effective unified procedures for the treatment of singular and hypersingular integrals that naturally arise in the method. Symbolic codes using Maple (R) for singular-type integrations are provided and discussed in detail.
* The user-friendly adaptive computer code BEAN (Boundary Element ANalysis), fully written in Matlab (R), is available as a companion to the text. The complete source code, including the graphical user-interface (GUI), can be downloaded from the web site http://www.ghpaulino.com/SGBEM_book. The source code can be used as the basis for building new applications, and should also function as an effective teaching tool. To facilitate the use of BEAN, a video tutorial and a library of practical examples are provided.
Foreword | p. xiii |
Preface | p. xv |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Boundary Element Method | p. 1 |
Approximations and Solution | p. 2 |
The Green's function G(P,Q) | p. 4 |
Singular and Hypersingular Integrals | p. 5 |
Numerical Solution: Collocation and Galerkin | p. 6 |
Symmetric Galerkin BEM | p. 7 |
An Application Example: Automotive Electrocoating | p. 8 |
Engineering Optimization | p. 9 |
Electrocoating Simulation | p. 10 |
Visualization | p. 11 |
Virtual Reality | p. 12 |
CAVE: Cave Automatic Virtual Environment | p. 14 |
The MechVR | p. 14 |
Other Boundary Techniques | p. 15 |
Singular Integration | p. 16 |
Meshless and Mesh-Reduction Methods | p. 16 |
A Brief History of Galerkin BEM | p. 19 |
Boundary Integral Equations | p. 23 |
Boundary Potential Equation | p. 23 |
Boundary Flux Equation | p. 28 |
Elasticity | p. 30 |
Numerical Approximation | p. 33 |
Approximations | p. 33 |
Collocation | p. 35 |
Galerkin Approximation | p. 37 |
Symmetric-Galerkin | p. 39 |
Hypersingular Integration: an example | p. 39 |
Collocation: <$>{cal C}^1<$> Condition | p. 40 |
Galerkin: <$>{cal C}^0<$> | p. 42 |
Two Dimensional Analysis | p. 45 |
Introduction | p. 45 |
Singular Integrals: Linear Element | p. 48 |
Coincident Integration | p. 48 |
Coincident: Symbolic Computation | p. 51 |
Adjacent Integration | p. 53 |
Cancellation of log(ϵ2) | p. 56 |
Adjacent: shape function expansion | p. 57 |
Numerical Tests | p. 58 |
Higher Order Interpolation | p. 60 |
Integral of G | p. 61 |
Integral of &partial;G/&partial;n and &partial;G/&partial;N | p. 62 |
Integral of &partial;2G/&partial;N&partial;n | p. 63 |
Other Green's functions | p. 63 |
Corners | p. 64 |
Nonlinear Boundary Conditions | p. 65 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 67 |
Three Dimensional Analysis | p. 69 |
Preliminaries | p. 69 |
Linear Element Analysis | p. 73 |
Nonsingular Integration | p. 74 |
Coincident Integration | p. 75 |
Coincident CPV integral | p. 82 |
Edge Adjacent Integration | p. 83 |
Vertex Adjacent Integration | p. 88 |
Proof of Cancellation | p. 90 |
Higher Order Interpolation | p. 92 |
Hypersingular Boundary Integral: Quadratic Element | p. 93 |
Coincident Integration | p. 94 |
r Expansion | p. 94 |
First Integration | p. 95 |
Edge Integration | p. 96 |
Corners | p. 97 |
Anisotropic Elasticity | p. 97 |
Anisotropic Elasticity Boundary Integral Formulation | p. 99 |
<$>{cal T}<$> Kernel: Coincident Integration | p. 100 |
Spherical Coordinates | p. 105 |
Second integration | p. 106 |
Edge Adjacent Integration | p. 106 |
Surface Gradient | p. 109 |
Introduction | p. 109 |
Gradient Equations | p. 112 |
Limit Evaluation in two dimensions | p. 114 |
Example: Surface Stress | p. 118 |
Limit Evaluation in three dimensions | p. 121 |
Hermite Interpolation in Two Dimensions | p. 123 |
Introduction | p. 123 |
Hermite Interpolation | p. 124 |
Iterative Solution | p. 125 |
Axisymmetry | p. 129 |
Introduction | p. 129 |
Axisymmetric Formulation | p. 131 |
Singular Integration | p. 134 |
Adjacent Integration | p. 135 |
Coincident Integration | p. 135 |
Axis singularity | p. 136 |
Log Integral Transformation | p. 136 |
Analytic integration formulas | p. 138 |
Gradient Evaluation | p. 139 |
Gradient Equations | p. 139 |
Coincident Integration | p. 140 |
Numerical Results | p. 142 |
Interface and Multizone | p. 145 |
Introduction | p. 145 |
Symmetric Galerkin Formulation | p. 147 |
Interface and Symmetry | p. 149 |
Multiple Interfaces | p. 151 |
Corners | p. 152 |
Free interface | p. 152 |
Computational Aspects | p. 152 |
Numerical Examples | p. 153 |
Remarks | p. 155 |
Error Estimation and Adaptivity | p. 157 |
Introduction | p. 157 |
Boundary Integral Equations | p. 158 |
Galerkin Residuals and Error Estimates | p. 160 |
Self Adaptive Strategy | p. 161 |
Local Error Estimation | p. 162 |
Element Refinement Criterion | p. 162 |
Global Error Estimation | p. 163 |
Solution Algorithm for Adaptive Meshing | p. 164 |
Numerical Example | p. 164 |
BEAN Code | p. 167 |
Fracture Mechanics | p. 171 |
Introduction | p. 171 |
Fracture parameters: Stress intensity factors (SIFs) and T-stress | p. 172 |
SGBEM Formulation | p. 173 |
Basic SGBEM formulation for 2D elasticity | p. 173 |
Fracture analysis with the SGBEM | p. 175 |
On Computational Methods for Evaluating Fracture Parameters | p. 178 |
The Two-state Interaction Integral: M-integral | p. 179 |
Basic Formulation | p. 179 |
Auxiliary Fields for T-stress | p. 180 |
Determination of T-stress | p. 182 |
Auxiliary Fields for SIFs | p. 183 |
Determination of SIFs | p. 184 |
Crack-tip elements | p. 185 |
Numerical implementation of the M-integral | p. 186 |
Numerical Examples | p. 187 |
Infinite plate with an interior inclined crack | p. 187 |
Slanted edge crack in a finite plate | p. 191 |
Multiple interacting cracks | p. 192 |
Various fracture specimen configurations | p. 193 |
Nonhomogenous media | p. 197 |
Introduction | p. 197 |
Steady State Heat Conduction | p. 198 |
On the FGM Green's function | p. 199 |
Symmetric Galerkin Formulation | p. 199 |
Treatment of Singular and Hypersingular Integrals | p. 202 |
Evaluation of singular double integrals | p. 203 |
Coincident Integration | p. 204 |
Edge Adjacent Integration | p. 210 |
Vertex Adjacent Integration | p. 212 |
Numerical Example | p. 214 |
Transient heat conduction in FGMs | p. 216 |
Basic Equations | p. 217 |
Green's Function | p. 218 |
Laplace Transform BEM (LTBEM) Formulation | p. 219 |
Numerical Implementation of the 3D Galerkin BEM | p. 221 |
Numerical Inversion of the Laplace Transform | p. 222 |
Numerical Examples | p. 223 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 224 |
BEAN: Boundary Element ANalysis Program | p. 227 |
Introduction | p. 227 |
Main Control Window: BEAN | p. 228 |
Menu | p. 228 |
File | p. 228 |
Geometry | p. 228 |
Boundary Conditions (BCs) | p. 229 |
Analysis | p. 230 |
Results | p. 230 |
BEANPlot | p. 231 |
Menus | p. 231 |
Curves | p. 232 |
BEANContour | p. 232 |
Menus | p. 232 |
General Instructions | p. 234 |
Troubleshooting | p. 235 |
Error Message Meanings | p. 236 |
Sample Problems | p. 237 |
Mathematical Preliminaries and Notations | p. 241 |
Dirac Delta function | p. 241 |
Kronecker Delta function | p. 242 |
Derivative, Gradient, Divergence and Laplacian | p. 242 |
Divergence theorem | p. 243 |
Stokes theorem | p. 243 |
Green's Identities | p. 243 |
Fourier and Laplace transform | p. 244 |
Free Space Green's function | p. 244 |
Gaussian Integration | p. 247 |
Gaussian rule for logarithmic singularities | p. 247 |
Gaussian rule for One-dimensional non-singular integration | p. 247 |
Maple Codes for treatment of hypersingular integral | p. 251 |
Maple Script: Coincident | p. 251 |
Maple Script: Edge Adjacent | p. 253 |
Maple Script: Vertex Adjacent | p. 254 |
References | p. 257 |
Topic Index | p. 275 |
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9783540687702
ISBN-10: 354068770X
Published: 15th October 2008
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 276
Audience: College, Tertiary and University
Publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg Gmbh & Co. Kg
Country of Publication: DE
Dimensions (cm): 23.5 x 15.5 x 1.91
Weight (kg): 0.62
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