Preface | p. xi |
Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
The Authors | p. xix |
List of Abbreviations | p. xxi |
Introduction to Petri Net Modeling | p. 1 |
The Modeling Process | p. 1 |
Automated Manufacturing Systems | p. 2 |
Historical Perspective of Petri Nets in Automation | p. 6 |
Scope and Objectives | p. 12 |
Summary | p. 13 |
References | p. 14 |
Petri Nets: Basic Concept | p. 15 |
Basic Concepts | p. 15 |
Definition | p. 15 |
Enabling and Firing Rules | p. 16 |
Finite Capacity PN | p. 18 |
Some Special Structures in PN | p. 18 |
Subclass of PN | p. 20 |
Properties | p. 22 |
Reachability | p. 22 |
Boundedness | p. 23 |
Incidence Matrix and Conservativeness | p. 24 |
Reversibility | p. 24 |
Liveness | p. 25 |
Timed PN | p. 27 |
PN with Inhibitor Arcs | p. 28 |
Summary | p. 30 |
References | p. 30 |
Colored Petri Net | p. 31 |
A Simple Example | p. 31 |
Definitions of CPN | p. 33 |
Transition Enabling and Firing Rules | p. 37 |
P-Invariant in CPN | p. 38 |
Summary | p. 41 |
References | p. 41 |
Process-Oriented Petri Net Modeling | p. 43 |
Introduction | p. 43 |
Modeling Method | p. 44 |
Resource Sharing in POPN | p. 47 |
Resource Sharing in Part Processing | p. 48 |
Resource Sharing in Material Handling | p. 50 |
Characteristics of POPN | p. 52 |
Summary | p. 54 |
References | p. 55 |
Resource-Oriented Petri Net Modeling | p. 57 |
Introduction | p. 57 |
Steps of ROPN Modeling | p. 57 |
Modeling Part Production Processes | p. 58 |
Subnet Forming | p. 60 |
Subnet Merging | p. 60 |
Colored ROPN | p. 62 |
Modeling Material Handling Processes | p. 65 |
Resource Sharing in ROPN | p. 66 |
Characteristics of ROPN | p. 68 |
Summary | p. 69 |
References | p. 69 |
Process- vs. Resource-Oriented Petri Nets | p. 71 |
Modeling Power and Model Size | p. 71 |
Conservativeness | p. 72 |
Structure for Liveness | p. 73 |
Example | p. 74 |
Summary | p. 80 |
References | p. 81 |
Control of Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems | p. 83 |
Introduction | p. 83 |
Deadlock in FMS | p. 84 |
System Modeling by CROPN | p. 87 |
Existence of Deadlock | p. 89 |
Deadlock Avoidance Policy | p. 93 |
Case 1: Subnet Formed by One PPC | p. 95 |
Case 2: Interactive Subnet Formed by Two PPCs | p. 95 |
Case 3: Interactive Subnet Formed by Multiple PPCs | p. 98 |
Liveness of Overall System | p. 102 |
Illustrative Example | p. 104 |
Implementation | p. 105 |
Deadlock Avoidance with Shared Material Handling System | p. 107 |
Deadlock Situations | p. 107 |
Deadlock Avoidance with MHS via ROPN Modeling | p. 109 |
Summary | p. 112 |
References | p. 113 |
Avoiding Deadlock and Reducing Starvation and Blocking | p. 115 |
Introduction | p. 115 |
A Simple Example | p. 116 |
Relaxed Control Policy | p. 118 |
Dependent PPCs in Interactive Subnets | p. 121 |
Complexity in Applying the Control Law | p. 128 |
Performance Improvement through Examples | p. 128 |
Summary | p. 131 |
References | p. 131 |
Control and Routing of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems | p. 133 |
Introduction | p. 133 |
Control of AGV Systems with Unidirectional Paths | p. 135 |
Modeling AGV Systems with Unidirectional Paths by CROPN | p. 135 |
Deadlock Avoidance Policy | p. 136 |
Computational Complexity | p. 139 |
Control of AGV Systems with Bidirectional Paths | p. 140 |
Modeling AGV Systems with Bidirectional Paths by CROPN | p. 140 |
Deadlock Avoidance for AGV Systems with Cycles | p. 143 |
Deadlock Avoidance in the CROPN | p. 148 |
Examples | p. 150 |
Routing of AGV Systems Based on CROPN | p. 154 |
Problem Description | p. 155 |
AGV Rerouting | p. 158 |
Route Expansion | p. 162 |
Illustrative Examples | p. 163 |
Performance Comparison | p. 165 |
Summary | p. 169 |
References | p. 169 |
Control of FMS with Multiple AGVs | p. 171 |
Introduction | p. 171 |
System Modeling with CROPN | p. 173 |
Deadlock Avoidance Policy | p. 178 |
Illustrative Example | p. 182 |
Summary | p. 183 |
References | p. 183 |
Control of FMS with Multiple Robots | p. 185 |
Introduction | p. 185 |
Motivation through Example | p. 185 |
Deadlock Control Policy | p. 186 |
Illustrative Example | p. 193 |
Summary | p. 194 |
References | p. 195 |
Control of Semiconductor Manufacturing Systems | p. 197 |
Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Cluster Tools | p. 197 |
Cluster Tools | p. 198 |
Analysis by Timed MG | p. 199 |
Modeling Cluster Tools by CROPN | p. 203 |
Analysis of the Single-Blade Robot Cluster Tool | p. 208 |
Deadlock Analysis | p. 209 |
Throughput Analysis for the Process without Revisiting | p. 210 |
Throughput Analysis of a Process with Revisiting | p. 211 |
Analysis of Dual-Blade Robot Cluster Tools | p. 213 |
Deadlock Analysis | p. 213 |
Throughput Analysis for the Process without Revisiting | p. 214 |
Throughput Analysis of Process with Revisiting | p. 215 |
Deadlock Avoidance in Track System | p. 217 |
Semiconductor Track System | p. 217 |
Modeling by ROPN | p. 219 |
Deadlock-Free Condition for Strongly Connected Subnet | p. 220 |
Implementation of the Deadlock-Free Condition | p. 228 |
Illustrative Example | p. 229 |
Deadlock-Free Scheduling of a Track System | p. 230 |
Dispatching Rules | p. 231 |
Illustrative Example | p. 234 |
Summary | p. 236 |
References | p. 236 |
Modeling and Control of Assembly/Disassembly Systems | p. 239 |
Introduction | p. 239 |
A Flexible Assembly System | p. 240 |
R-Policy | p. 242 |
Modeling FAS by CROPN | p. 246 |
Models for Resources | p. 246 |
Models for Individual Products | p. 247 |
ROPN for the Whole System | p. 250 |
Realizable Resource Requirement | p. 253 |
Deadlock Avoidance Control Policy | p. 256 |
Illustrative Example | p. 260 |
Industrial Case Study | p. 262 |
Summary | p. 265 |
References | p. 266 |
Bibliography | p. 267 |
Index | p. 273 |
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