| The Development of Panel Studies of Delinquency | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Panel Studies of Crime and Delinquency | p. 3 |
| Common Elements | p. 3 |
| Diversity of Panel Studies | p. 4 |
| Limitations of Panel Studies | p. 5 |
| Taking Stock | p. 6 |
| Causes and Consequences of Delinquency: Findings from the Rochester Youth Development Study | p. 11 |
| Introduction | p. 11 |
| Theoretical Framework | p. 12 |
| Interactional Theory | p. 12 |
| Social Network Theory | p. 15 |
| Design of the Rochester Youth Development Study | p. 16 |
| Sample | p. 16 |
| Subject Retention | p. 17 |
| Measurement | p. 18 |
| Analytic Themes | p. 19 |
| Family and Delinquency | p. 20 |
| Maltreatment and Delinquency | p. 24 |
| School and Delinquency | p. 26 |
| Peers, Beliefs, and Delinquency | p. 28 |
| Social Networks and Delinquent Behavior | p. 29 |
| The Impact of Structural Position | p. 34 |
| Long-Term Developmental Effects | p. 36 |
| Violence | p. 39 |
| Youth and Guns | p. 39 |
| Future Directions | p. 41 |
| Intergenerational Transmission of Antisocial Behavior | p. 41 |
| Adult Transitions | p. 42 |
| Delinquency and Crime: Some Highlights from the Denver Youth Survey | p. 47 |
| Introduction | p. 47 |
| Epidemiology of Delinquency, Drug Use, and Victimization | p. 50 |
| Over-Time Changes in Delinquency and Drug Use: The 1970's and the 1990's | p. 50 |
| Epidemiology: Age, Gender, and Ethnicity | p. 52 |
| Age of Initiation and Subsequent Delinquency | p. 53 |
| The Intermittency of Serious and Violent Offending | p. 55 |
| Victimization | p. 55 |
| The Co-Occurrence or Overlap of Problem Behaviors | p. 56 |
| Peers and Delinquent Gangs | p. 63 |
| Delinquent Gangs | p. 63 |
| Peers, Gangs, and Co-Offending | p. 68 |
| Explanatory, Risk, and Protective Factors | p. 70 |
| Risk and Protective Factors for Successful Adolescence | p. 70 |
| Multiple Etiological Pathways to Delinquency | p. 73 |
| Developmental and Gender Differences in Explanatory Models | p. 75 |
| Intergenerational Transmission of Delinquency and Drug Use | p. 76 |
| Neighborhoods and Problem Behavior | p. 77 |
| Arrest and Imprisonment | p. 79 |
| The Impact of Arrest | p. 79 |
| Initiation of Violent Offending and Age at First Arrest | p. 81 |
| Adolescent Precursors to Young Adult Imprisonment | p. 82 |
| Help-Seeking for Psychological Behavior Problems | p. 83 |
| Some Final Comments and Plans for the Future | p. 85 |
| The Development of Male Offending: Key Findings from Fourteen Years of the Pittsburgh Youth Study | p. 93 |
| Introduction | p. 93 |
| Design and Methods | p. 96 |
| Participants | p. 96 |
| Measures | p. 97 |
| Development of Offending | p. 100 |
| Prevalence, Frequency, and Onset | p. 100 |
| Prevalence of Delinquency in Court Records | p. 102 |
| Victimization | p. 103 |
| Concentration of Offending in Families | p. 103 |
| Development of Delinquency, Aggression, and Violence | p. 104 |
| Developmental Pathways | p. 105 |
| Risk and Protective Factors | p. 108 |
| Child Risk Factors | p. 108 |
| Family Factors | p. 114 |
| Peer Factors | p. 115 |
| Macro Factors | p. 116 |
| Cumulative Effects of Risk and Protective (Promotive) Factors | p. 121 |
| Predictors of Violence | p. 122 |
| Predictors of Desistance | p. 124 |
| Co-Occurrence of Problem Behaviors and Delinquency | p. 124 |
| Help Seeking | p. 126 |
| Delinquency Seriousness | p. 126 |
| Court Contact | p. 127 |
| Conclusions and Future Priorities | p. 128 |
| Theoretical Considerations | p. 128 |
| Future Research | p. 130 |
| Key Results from the First Forty Years of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development | p. 137 |
| Introduction | p. 137 |
| Methods | p. 137 |
| Aims | p. 137 |
| Characteristics of the Sample | p. 138 |
| Data Collected at Different Ages | p. 139 |
| Tracing and Securing Cooperation | p. 140 |
| Criminal Careers | p. 142 |
| Natural History of Offending | p. 142 |
| Offending by Family Members | p. 142 |
| Persistence in Offending | p. 143 |
| Replication of Criminal Career Results | p. 144 |
| Co-Offending and Motives | p. 145 |
| Self-Reported Offending | p. 146 |
| Mathematical Models of Criminal Careers | p. 147 |
| Risk Factors for Offending | p. 148 |
| Childhood Risk Factors | p. 148 |
| Mechanisms and Processes | p. 150 |
| Independent Predictors | p. 151 |
| Predicting Persisters | p. 154 |
| Offending and Antisocial Behavior | p. 155 |
| Antisocial Behavior at Age 18 | p. 155 |
| Antisocial Behavior at Age 32 | p. 156 |
| The Antisocial Personality Syndrome | p. 157 |
| Truancy and Physical Health | p. 158 |
| Aggression and Violence | p. 158 |
| Continuity in Aggression | p. 158 |
| Predictors of Aggression and Violence | p. 159 |
| Accuracy of Prediction | p. 160 |
| Life Events and Protective Factors | p. 161 |
| Effects of Life Events | p. 161 |
| Factors Encouraging Desistance | p. 162 |
| Protective Factors | p. 163 |
| Explaining the Development of Delinquency | p. 164 |
| The Farrington Theory | p. 165 |
| Other Issues | p. 168 |
| Limitations of the Study | p. 168 |
| Policy Implications | p. 170 |
| Current Research and Future Plans | p. 172 |
| Conclusion | p. 174 |
| Testing an Integrative Theory of Deviant Behavior: Theory-Syntonic Findings from a Long-Term Multi-Generation Study | p. 185 |
| Introduction | p. 185 |
| An Integrative Theory of Deviant Behavior | p. 185 |
| Data Sources | p. 189 |
| Analyses and Results | p. 191 |
| Direct Linear Relationships | p. 192 |
| Mediating Variables | p. 193 |
| Moderating Influences | p. 197 |
| Conclusion | p. 202 |
| The Montreal Longitudinal and Experimental Study: Rediscovering the Power of Descriptions | p. 205 |
| Aims and Design of the Study | p. 205 |
| Key Findings | p. 210 |
| Kindergarten Disruptive Behavior Predicts Delinquency During the Transition from Childhood to Early Adolescence | p. 210 |
| Kindergarten Personality Predicts Delinquency During the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence | p. 211 |
| Biological Correlates of Delinquency | p. 215 |
| Family Poverty, Family Structure, Parenting Process, and School Failure as Predictors of Delinquency | p. 217 |
| Deviant Friends During Pre-Adolescence and Early Delinquency | p. 220 |
| Developmental Trajectories to Physically Violent and Nonviolent Juvenile Deliquency | p. 224 |
| A Preventive Experiment to Test Causal Hypotheses and Identify Effective Interventions | p. 230 |
| Beyond the MLES | p. 236 |
| Conclusion | p. 241 |
| Understanding and Preventing Crime and Violence: Findings from the Seattle Social Development Project | p. 255 |
| Introduction | p. 255 |
| Sample Description, Interventions, and Participation | p. 256 |
| Data Set Description | p. 257 |
| Methodological Issues: Intervention Effects | p. 260 |
| Prevalence, Frequency, and Onset of Offending in the SSDP Sample | p. 260 |
| Dimensions of Criminal Careers in the SSDP Sample | p. 260 |
| Trajectories of Offending | p. 265 |
| The Structure of Deviance | p. 267 |
| General Deviance Theory and Dimensions of Problem Behavior | p. 267 |
| Dimensions of Problem Behavior in African American and European American Adolescents | p. 268 |
| Tracking Progressions of Problem Behavior | p. 269 |
| Predictors of Violence and Delinquency | p. 270 |
| Tests of the Social Development Model | p. 279 |
| Intervention Effects on Delinquent Behaviors and Social Development Constructs | p. 284 |
| Program Goals and Rationale | p. 284 |
| Study Design | p. 285 |
| Intervention Program Description | p. 286 |
| Effects on Problem Behaviors and Social Development Constructs | p. 288 |
| Measuring SDM Mediators in the Intervention Study | p. 292 |
| Summary | p. 300 |
| Common Themes, Future Directions | p. 313 |
| Different Designs | p. 314 |
| Similar Results | p. 315 |
| The Developmental Pattern of Delinquency | p. 316 |
| Parents, School, Peers, and Social Structure | p. 316 |
| Life-Course Transitions | p. 318 |
| Unexpected Results | p. 319 |
| General Conclusions | p. 321 |
| The Impact of Deviant Behavior | p. 321 |
| Continuity and Change | p. 322 |
| Future Directions | p. 323 |
| A Final Word | p. 325 |
| Index | p. 327 |
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