Preface x
Abbreviations xii
Part I General Pathological Mechanisms 1
1 Inflammation 3
2 Sepsis and Cytokine Storm 14
3 Fibrosis 19
4 Degeneration 24
5 Obesity 27
6 Ischaemia, Hypoxia 32
7 Cell Death 36
8 Neoplasia 40
9 Infections 46
10 Ageing 53
11 Pain 58
12 Hypothalamus Function 61
Part II General Clinical Manifestations (Alphabetical) 65
13 Abdominal Enlargement 67
14 Ataxia 70
15 Constipation 74
16 Cough 78
17 Diarrhoea 81
18 Dyschezia 87
19 Dysphagia 90
20 Dyspnoea 93
21 Effusions 97
22 Fatigue 104
23 Fever 106
24 Inappetence 110
25 Jaundice 113
26 Oedema 116
27 Polyphagia 119
28 Pruritus 122
29 Regurgitation 124
30 Seizure 126
31 Shock 130
32 Syncope 133
33 Urinary Disorders 138
34 Vomiting 143
35 Weight Loss 147
Part III Pathophysiology of Organ Systems 151
36 Cardiac System, Hypertension 153
36.1 Physiological Functions and General Pathophysiology of Organ Insufficiency 153
36.2 Congenital Cardiac Diseases 161
36.3 Atrioventricular Valvular Diseases 167
36.4 Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic 172
36.5 Cardiomyopathy, Dilated 176
36.6 Heart Arrhythmia 181
36.7 Pericardial Disease 184
36.8 Hypertension 190
37 Respiratory System 195
37.1 Physiological Functions and General Pathophysiology of Organ Insufficiency 195
37.2 Brachiocephalic Syndrome 200
37.3 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 203
37.4 Asthma (Feline Lower Respiratory Tract Disease) 207
37.5 Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis 210
37.6 Pneumonia 213
37.7 Idiopathic Lung Fibrosis 217
38 Gastrointestinal System 220
38.1 Physiological Functions and General Pathophysiology of Organ Insufficiency 220
38.2 Megaoesophagus 226
38.3 Gastritis/Ulceration 229
38.4 Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus Syndrome 233
38.5 Enteritis/Inflammatory Bowel Disease 237
38.6 Intestinal Lymphangiectasias 243
38.7 Intestinal Obstruction 249
39 Hepatobiliary System 253
39.1 Physiological Functions and General Pathophysiology of Organ Insufficiency 253
39.2 Acute Hepatic Failure 261
39.3 Chronic Hepatitis; Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis 266
39.4 Portosystemic Shunts/Hepatoencephalopathy 272
39.5 Feline Hepatic Lipidosis 277
39.6 Cholangiohepatitis 280
40 Exocrine Pancreas 284
40.1 Physiological Functions and General Pathophysiology of Organ Insufficiency 284
40.2 Acute Pancreatitis 287
40.3 Chronic Pancreatitis 292
40.4 Exocrine Pancreas Insufficiency 296
41 Urinary System 300
41.1 Physiological Functions of the Kidneys and General Pathophysiology of Organ Insufficiency 300
41.2 Glomerulonephritis/Nephrotic Syndrome 305
41.3 Tubular Disease/Fanconi Syndrome 310
41.4 Acute Renal Failure 313
41.5 Chronic Kidney Disease 321
41.6 Urinary Tract Infection 327
41.7 Urolithiasis 330
42 Electrolyte System and Acid-Base Balance 335
42.1 Acid-Base Balance 335
42.2 Hypo-/Hypernatraemia 340
42.3 Hypo-/Hyperkalaemia 344
43 Endocrine System 349
43.1 General Physiology 349
43.2 Pituitary Gland 352
43.2.1 Acromegaly 352
43.2.2 Pituitary Dwarfism 356
43.2.3 Diabetes Insipidus 359
43.3 Thyroid Gland 362
43.3.1 Physiology of the Thyroid Gland 362
43.3.2 Hyperthyroidism 365
43.3.3 Hypothyroidism 369
43.4 Parathyroid Gland 374
43.5 Endocrine Pancreas 379
43.5.1 Physiology of Endocrine Pancreas 379
43.5.2 Diabetes Mellitus 382
43.5.3 Diabetic Ketoacidosis 387
43.5.4 Insulinoma 390
43.6 Adrenal Gland 393
43.6.1 Physiology of the Adrenal Gland 393
43.6.2 Hyperadrenocorticism 397
43.6.3 Hypoadrenocorticism 402
43.6.4 Hyperaldosteronism 405
43.6.5 Pheochromocytoma 409
44 Reproduction System 413
44.1 Pyometra 413
44.2 Prostate Diseases 417
45 Nerve System 420
45.1 Brain Tumours 420
45.2 Idiopathic Epilepsy 423
45.3 Intervertebral Disc Disease 426
45.4 Peripheral Neuropathy 429
46 Joints 431
46.1 Arthritis 431
46.2 Osteoarthritis 434
47 Haematology 437
47.1 Physiological Functions of Red Blood Cells 437
47.2 Erythrocytosis 441
47.3 Anaemia 444
47.4 Coagulation Disorders 450
47.5 Hypercoagulability 454
48 Infectious Diseases 457
48.1 Feline 457
48.1.1 Feline Leukaemia Virus Infection 457
48.1.2 Feline Infectious Peritonitis 461
48.1.3 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 466
48.2 Canine 471
48.2.1 Distemper 471
48.2.2 Canine Parvovirus 475
48.3 Bacterial Diseases 480
48.3.1 Anaplasmosis 480
48.3.2 Borreliosis 484
48.3.3 Ehrlichiosis 488
48.3.4 Leptospirosis 491
48.4 Protozoal Infections 495
48.4.1 Babesiosis 495
48.4.2 Giardiasis 499
48.4.3 Leishmaniasis 503
49 Common Immune-mediated Diseases 507
49.1 Autoimmunity 507
49.2 Lupus Erythematosus 510
49.3 Myasthenia Gravis 514
50 Common Clinical Biochemical Parameters (Alphabetical) 517
50.1 Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 517
50.2 Albumin 518
50.3 Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 520
50.4 Ammonia 522
50.5 Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) 523
50.6 Bile Acids 524
50.7 Bilirubin 525
50.8 Calcium 526
50.9 Cholesterol 528
50.10 Creatinine 529
50.11 Creatine Kinase 530
50.12 Glucose 531
50.13 Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GLDH) 532
50.14 Lipase 533
50.15 Phosphorus 534
50.16 Potassium 535
50.17 Sodium 537
50.18 Total Protein 539
50.19 Urea 541
Index 542
