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Reflecting the rapid progress in cleanup technology since the previous edition, this revised and expanded third edition of The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup covers current cleanup techniques, how oil spills are measured and detected, and the properties of the oil and its long-term fate in the environment. It also deals with why, how often, and where oil spills occur as well as the chemical composition and physical properties of various oil types.
The chapters describe surface and remote sensing technologies used to detect and track oil slicks, and methods to contain oil on water (booms and ancillary equipment) and recover oil from the water surface (skimmers, sorbents, and manual recovery). The author discusses the use of pumps, in-situ burning, and chemical agents, such as dispersants, for oil removal. He also addresses oil-contaminated shorelines and the effects and behavior of oil on different ecosystems and the various organisms within them. Written for the general public as well as those directly involved with oil spill cleanup, this edition provides broad, up-to-date knowledge of the cleanup and control of spills.
Industry Reviews
"The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup is a classical reference in the field. This third edition has been revised and expanded reflecting the rapid progress in clean-up technology and the techniques available for mitigating the effects of oil spills."
-International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, December 2014
"This book is a welcomed update of the second edition ... The book provides an excellent introduction for newcomers to the field of oil spills. The book is well-written for the broad audience for which it is intended and would be very useful as a required or recommended textbook for introductory oil spill courses."
-Dr. Carl E. Brown, Environment Canada
"A well written book in which the subject matter is addressed in a comprehensive way and well organized for easy reference. ... The text is complemented by excellent photographs, diagrams and tables. Most importantly, the new edition is fully up-to-date, reflecting the latest developments in our knowledge of oil spill clean-up and the techniques available for mitigating the effects of oil spills."
-John McMurtrie, Secretary, International Spill Control Organization
Praise for Previous Editions
"... presents a practical perspective and overview in dealing with on-and off-shore oil spills that can potentially affect sensitive coastal environments and habitats ... Certainly when oil spills occur, notably in a highly visible, sensitive and/or media concentrated area, such a book provides a good synopses as to the methods employed when dealing with such circumstances."
-Stephen M. Testa, Testa Environmental Corporation
"This book is a welcomed update of the second edition ... The book provides an excellent introduction for newcomers to the field of oil spills. The book is well-written for the broad audience for which it is intended and would be very useful as a required or recommended textbook for introductory oil spill courses."
-Dr. Carl E. Brown, Environment Canada
"A well written book in which the subject matter is addressed in a comprehensive way and well organized for easy reference. ... The text is complemented by excellent photographs, diagrams and tables. Most importantly, the new edition is fully up-to-date, reflecting the latest developments in our knowledge of oil spill clean-up and the techniques available for mitigating the effects of oil spills."
-John McMurtrie, Secretary, International Spill Control Organization
Praise for Previous Editions
"... presents a practical perspective and overview in dealing with on-and off-shore oil spills that can potentially affect sensitive coastal environments and habitats ... Certainly when oil spills occur, notably in a highly visible, sensitive and/or media concentrated area, such a book provides a good synopses as to the methods employed when dealing with such circumstances."
-Stephen M. Testa, Testa Environmental Corporation
Preface | p. ix |
Acknowledgments | p. xi |
Author | p. xiii |
List of Illustrations | p. xv |
List of Tables | p. xvii |
Introduction | p. xix |
Oil Spills: Why Do They Happen and How Often? | p. 1 |
How Often Do Spills Occur? | p. 2 |
Some Oil Spill Facts | p. 9 |
Response to Oil Spills | p. 19 |
Oil Spill Contingency Plans | p. 19 |
Activation of Contingency Plans | p. 23 |
Training | p. 24 |
Structure of Response Organizations | p. 25 |
Supporting Studies and Sensitivity Mapping | p. 27 |
Communication Systems | p. 29 |
Oil Spill Cooperatives | p. 30 |
Private and Government Response Organizations | p. 30 |
Cost Recovery | p. 32 |
Types of Oil and Their Properties | p. 33 |
The Composition of Oil | p. 33 |
Properties of Oil | p. 35 |
Correlation between Properties | p. 41 |
Behavior of Oil in the Environment | p. 43 |
The Importance of Behavior and Fate | p. 43 |
An Overview of Weathering | p. 43 |
Evaporation | p. 44 |
Emulsification and Water Uptake | p. 45 |
Natural Dispersion | p. 49 |
Dissolution | p. 51 |
Photooxidafion | p. 52 |
Sedimentation, Adhesion to Surfaces, and Oil-Fines Interaction | p. 52 |
Biodegradation | p. 53 |
Formation of Tar Balls | p. 55 |
Movement of Oil and Oil Spill Modeling | p. 56 |
Spreading | p. 56 |
Movement of Oil Slicks | p. 58 |
Sinking and Overwashing | p. 58 |
Spill Modeling | p. 61 |
Analysis, Detection, and Remote Sensing of Oil Spills | p. 63 |
The Importance of Analytical and Detection Technologies | p. 63 |
Sampling and Laboratory Analysis | p. 63 |
Field Analysis | p. 65 |
Detection and Surveillance | p. 67 |
Detection and Tracking Buoys and Systems | p. 67 |
Visual Surveillance | p. 69 |
Remote Sensing | p. 70 |
Visual Sensors | p. 70 |
Infrared Sensors | p. 70 |
Laser Fluorosensors | p. 72 |
Passive Microwave Sensors | p. 74 |
Thickness Sensors | p. 74 |
Radar | p. 75 |
Satellites | p. 75 |
Containment on Water | p. 79 |
Types of Booms and Their Construction | p. 79 |
Uses of Booms | p. 83 |
Boom Failures | p. 85 |
Tow Forces | p. 89 |
Ancillary Equipment | p. 89 |
Sorbent Booms and Barriers | p. 90 |
Special Purpose Booms | p. 94 |
Oil Recovery on Water | p. 97 |
Skimmers | p. 97 |
Oleophilic Surface Skimmers | p. 99 |
Weir Skimmers | p. 105 |
Suction or Vacuum Skimmers | p. 106 |
Elevating Skimmers | p. 108 |
Submersion Skimmers | p. 108 |
Other Devices | p. 109 |
Skimmer Performance | p. 109 |
Special-Purpose Ships | p. 109 |
Sorbents | p. 110 |
Manual Recovery | p. 115 |
Separation, Pumping, Decontamination, and Disposal | p. 117 |
Temporary Storage | p. 117 |
Pumps | p. 120 |
Centrifugal Pumps | p. 120 |
Vacuum Systems | p. 120 |
Positive Displacement Pumps | p. 121 |
Performance of Pumps | p. 123 |
Separation | p. 123 |
Decontamination | p. 124 |
Disposal | p. 127 |
Spill-Treating Agents | p. 131 |
Dispersants | p. 131 |
Effectiveness of Dispersants | p. 131 |
Application of Dispersants | p. 137 |
Toxicity of Dispersants | p. 141 |
Surface-Washing Agents | p. 142 |
Emulsion Breakers and Inhibitors | p. 143 |
Recovery Enhancers | p. 144 |
Solidifiers | p. 144 |
Sinking Agents | p. 145 |
Biodegradation Agents | p. 145 |
In-Situ Burning | p. 147 |
Advantages | p. 147 |
Disadvantages | p. 148 |
Ignition and What Will Burn | p. 149 |
Burn Efficiency and Rates | p. 151 |
Use of Containment | p. 153 |
Emissions from Burning Oil | p. 157 |
Summary | p. 161 |
Shoreline Cleanup and Restoration | p. 163 |
Behavior of Oil on Shorelines | p. 163 |
Environmental Effects of Oil on Shorelines | p. 165 |
Types of Shorelines and Their Sensitivity to Oil | p. 166 |
Shoreline Countermeasures Assessment Technique | p. 172 |
Shoreline Protection Measures | p. 176 |
Cleanup Methods | p. 177 |
Recommended Cleanup Methods | p. 177 |
Less Recommended Cleanup Methods | p. 185 |
Oil Spills on Land | p. 189 |
Behavior of Oil on Land | p. 189 |
Movement of Oil on Land Surface | p. 191 |
Movement of Oil in the Subsurface | p. 192 |
Habitats and Ecosystems | p. 193 |
Cleanup of Surface Spills | p. 198 |
Natural Recovery | p. 199 |
Removal of Excess Oil | p. 199 |
Other Cleanup Methods | p. 201 |
Cleanup of Subsurface Spills | p. 203 |
Effects of Oil Spills on the Environment | p. 207 |
Biological Effects | p. 207 |
Aquatic Environments | p. 209 |
Fish | p. 210 |
Plankton | p. 213 |
Benthic Invertebrates | p. 214 |
Epontic Organisms | p. 215 |
Marine Mammals | p. 216 |
Inter tidal Fauna | p. 217 |
Marine Plants | p. 218 |
Special Ecosystems | p. 220 |
Land | p. 222 |
Birds | p. 222 |
Damage Assessment | p. 224 |
Restoration | p. 224 |
Net Environmental Benefits | p. 225 |
Glossary | p. 227 |
Reading for Further Information | p. 247 |
Index | p. 251 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9781439862469
ISBN-10: 143986246X
Published: 5th December 2012
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 288
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
Country of Publication: US
Edition Number: 3
Edition Type: New edition
Dimensions (cm): 23.39 x 15.6 x 1.75
Weight (kg): 0.58
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