The City of God (11-22)

CONTENTS BOOK XI page 1 Faith, the Mediator, and the Authority of Scripture - 3; Creation, Time, and the Immutability of God - 4; The Days of Creation and the Forms of Knowledge - 7; The Creation of the Angels - 9; The Divine Simplicity - 11; The Angelic Fall - 12; The Case of the Devil - 15; The Separation of the Holy Angels from the Fallen Angels - 18; The Goodness of God and the Goodness of Creation - 19; Traces of the Trinity in Creation - 24; The Holy Angels and Their Knowledge - 30; Alternative Views of the Creation of the Angels - 32; Conclusion - 35 BOOK XII page 36 The Difference between the Good and the Evil Angels: not Nature but Fault - 37; The Cause of the First Evil Will - 41; The Cause of the Good Will of the Good Angels - 45; The Origin of Humankind - 46; The "Date" of Man's Creation - 48; Against Theories of World Cycles - 50; Eternity and Time - 51; Time, Infinity, and the Divine Knowledge - 55; Ultimate Happiness: the Refutation of the Theory of World Cycles - 58; God's Creation of the Human Race from One Man - 62; God the Sole Creator - 63; Humanity's Social Character - 66 BOOK XIII page 68 The Meanings of Death - 69; Death as Punishment - 70; The Death of the Saints - 73; "Before Death," "after Death," and "in Death" - 74; The Threat of Death - 78; The Body and Ultimate Blessedness - 80; The Issue of the Eternity of the Body - 82; Happiness and the Body - 83; Against the View that the Earthly Body Cannot Be in Heaven - 83; Self-Contradictions in the Platonic View of the Body - 85; The Body in Paradise - 87; Spiritual Interpretations of Paradise - 88; The Resurrected Body - 89; The Animal Body and the Spiritual Body - 90; The Breath Breathed into Man's Face - 93; The Greek Terms Pneuma and Pnoe - 94; The Question of Human Sexuality before the Fall - 97 BOOK XIV page 98 Living according to the Flesh and Living according to the Spirit - 100; The Meaning of "Flesh" - 101; Living according to Man, or Self, and Living according to God - 103; The Flesh, or the Body, Is not Evil - 104; The Will, the Passions, and Love - 105; The Passions in the City of God - 110; The Emotions and the Future Life - 112; Emotion in the First Human Beings - 115; The First Evil Will - 116; The Human Fall - 117; The Evil Will Precedes the Evil Act - 119; Humility and Pride - 120; The Punishment of Sin - 121; Lust, Human Sexuality, and the Sense of Shame - 123; Human Procreation Prior to the Fall - 128; Sexuality before the Fall - 130; The Happiness of Paradise - 133; Man's Sin and God's Foreknowledge - 135; Two Loves Have Made Two Cities - 136 BOOK XV page 138 Cain and Abel, the Earthly City and the Heavenly City - 139; Israel: the Earthly Image of the Heavenly City - 140; The Earthly City and the Heavenly City, Born of Nature and Born of Grace - 141; The Goods of the Earthly City and the Conflicts to Which They Give Rise - 142; Conflict between the Two Cities: the Flesh and the Spirit - 143; Cain's Sacrifice and its Rejection - 145; The Presentation of the Two Cities in the Lines of Descent from Cain and Seth - 148; The Long Lives of the Ancients - 150; The Numerical Discrepancies between the Greek and Hebrew Versions - 151; The Issue of Sexual Maturity and the Lines of Descent - 159; The Issue of Polygamy and Kinship Relations - 162; The Lines of Descent from Cain and Seth down to the Flood - 164; The Two Cities as Represented in the Two Lines of Descent - 171; The Intermingling of the Two Cities: the Sons of God and the Daughters of Men - 172; The Flood, Noah, and the Ark - 177; The Flood: History and Allegory - 180 BOOK XVI page 184 The Prophetic Significance of Noah and His Sons - 184; The Generations of the Sons of Noah - 188; The Tower of Confusion and the Diversity of Human Languages - 191; Are Monstrous Races Descended from Noah and thus from Adam? - 195; The Line of Descent from Shem - 198; The City of God among the Peoples of Earth - 199; Heber and the Hebrew Language - 200; Peleg, Nimrod, and the Number of Peoples - 201; A Turning Point: Abraham - 203; Abraham's Departure from Haran - 205; The First of God's Promises to Abraham - 207; The Second Promise to Abraham - 208; The Third Promise to Abraham - 209; Abraham's Vision at Mamre - 211; Abraham's Sons: the Birth of Ishmael and the Promise of Isaac - 215; God's Appearance to Abra- ham at Mamre - 220; The Birth and the Sacrifice of Isaac - 221; Abraham's Marriage to Keturah - 224; The Twins Born to Isaac - 225; God's Promise to Isaac - 226; The Blessing of Jacob - 227; Jacob and Joseph - 228; From Moses to David - 234 BOOK XVII page 237 The Age of the Prophets - 237; The Types of Prophecy - 240; The Prophecy of Hannah, Mother of Samuel - 241; The Transformation of the Priesthood: the Prophecy to Eli - 248; The Transformation of the Kingship: Saul and Samuel - 253; David, Solomon, and the Prophetic Anticipation of Christ - 256; David's Prophecies of Christ and the Church: the Psalms - 264; Solomon's Prophecies of Christ and the Church - 272; Prophecy after Solomon - 275 BOOK XVIII page 279 The Divisions in Human Society - 280; Assyria as the "First Rome" and Rome as the "Second Babylon" - 281; The Earthly Kingdoms and Their Gods from Abraham to the Exodus - 282; The Earthly Kingdoms and Their Gods at the Time of Moses - 286; The Naming of Athens - 287; From the Exodus to the Death of Joshua - 289; The Earthly Kingdoms and Their Gods in the Period of the Judges - 292; The Fall of Troy and Tales of Human Beings Transformed into Animals - 295; The Earthly Kingdoms in the Period of the Israelite Kings - 299; The End of Assyria and the Founding of Rome - 299; Sibyline Prophecies of Christ - 301; The Rulers of Rome: from Romulus to the Babylonian Captivity of the Jews - 304; The Hebrew Prophets: Hosea, Amos, Isaiah, Micah, Jonah, and Joel - 306; The Hebrew Prophets: Obadiah, Nahum, and Habakkuk - 310; The Hebrew Prophets: Jeremiah and Zephaniah - 314; The Hebrew Prophets: Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, and Esdras - 316; The Antiquity of Prophetic Wisdom - 319; The Superiority of Divine Wisdom over Human Philosophy - 323; The Translation of Hebrew Scripture into Greek: the Septuagint - 325; Jewish History after the End of Prophecy - 329; The Com- ing of Christ in Fulfillment of Prophecy - 332; The Spreading of the Church: Persecutions and Consolations - 336; The Persecutions of the Church - 338; Peter's Supposed Act of Sorcery - 341 BOOK XIX page 346 The Ends of the Two Cities: the Supreme Good and the Supreme Evil - 346; Varro: Possible Positions on the Supreme Good - 347; Varro's Position on the Supreme Good and the Life of Happiness - 349; The Supreme Good and the Supreme Evil according to the City of God: Eternal Life and Eternal Death - 354; Happiness, the Supreme Good, Cannot Be Found in This Life - 354; The Struggle of the Virtues against the Vices: Temperance, Prudence, and Justice - 355; Fortitude and the Question of Suicide - 356; The Miseries of Social Life: the Household and the City - 359; The Miseries of Social Life: the World - 361; The Miseries of Social Life: the Angels and the Demons - 363; The Meanings of Peace - 364; The Universal Desire for Peace - 365; Peace and Order - 368; Earthly Peace and Eternal Peace - 370; Sin and Slavery - 372; Earthly Peace and the Two Cities - 374; The Issues of Certainty and Style of Life - 376; The Definition of a Republic - 377; Justice and the True God: against Porphyry - 379; An Alternate Definition of a People - 385; Earthly Peace and the City of God - 386; The Supreme Evil: Eternal Misery - 388 BOOK XX page 389 The Day of Judgment - 390; God's Inscrutable Justice - 391; Testimonies to the Last Judgment from Scripture - 393; Testimonies from the Gospel of Matthew: Judgment and Resurrection - 393; Testimonies from the Gospel of John: the First and the Second Resurrection - 396; Testimonies from the Book of Revelation: the Binding of the Devil for a Thousand Years - 398; The Releasing of the Devil - 403; The Thousand-Year Reign of the Saints - 405; The Last Persecution and the Reign of the Saints with Christ - 409; The Last Judgment, the Second Resurrection, and the Book of Life - 413; The New Jerusalem - 416; Testimony from the Apostle Peter: the Destruction of this World - 418; Testimonies from the Apostle Paul: the Coming of Antichrist - 419; Paul on the Resurrection of the Dead - 422; Testimonies from the Prophet Isaiah: the Separate Ends of the Good and the Evil - 424; Testimonies from Daniel: Antichrist, the Resurrection, and the Eternal Reign of the Saints - 430; Testimonies from the Psalms: the Perishing of the World and Christ's Coming as Judge - 432; Testimonies from Malachi: the Purification of the Saints and Their Pure Offering to God - 435; The Manifest Justice of God, the Spiritual Sense of the Law, and the Return of Elijah - 439; How the Old Testament Points to Christ as Judge - 441; The Events of the Last Judgment - 445 BOOK XXI page 447 The Body and Eternal Fire - 448; The Issue of Eternal Pain - 449; The Issue of Survival in Eternal Fire: Natural Wonders and the Power of God - 451; The Issue of the Nature and Properties of Human Flesh - 459; The Worm and the Fire: Eternal Punishment of Both Body and Soul - 463; Material Fire as Punishment for Evil Spirits - 464; The Issue of the Just Correlation of Tempo- ral Sin and Eternal Punishment - 466; The Issue of Remedial or Purgatorial Punishment - 467; All Human Life on Earth is a Trial - 469; The Warfare of Flesh against Spirit and of Spirit against Flesh - 470; The Question of Divine Mercy and Eternal Punishment: Erroneous Views - 472; Reply to Error: the Devil and His Angels Will Suffer Eternal Punishment - 477; Reply to Error: Eternal Punishment is Eternal - 477; Reply to Error: the Intercession of the Saints and the Prayers of the Church - 478; Reply to Error: the Sense in Which God Does not Hold Back His Mercies in Anger - 480; Reply to Error: the Sense in Which God's Sweetness is Hidden, and from Whom - 481; Reply to Error: the All to Whom God Is Merciful - 482; Reply to Error: neither Participation in the Sacraments nor Perseverance in the Church Outweighs Immorality of Life - 483; Reply to Error: Who It Is That Is Saved as through Fire - 485; Reply to Error: the Issue of Works of Mercy - 488 BOOK XXII page 495 The Will of God and the Fulfillment of the Divine Promise - 497; The Resurrection of the Body: Reply to Objections - 499; The Miracle of the World's Belief in the Resurrection - 500; Miracles of the Present - 505; The Witness of the Martyrs - 518; The Issue of the Order of the Elements - 520; Questions about the Character of the Resurrected Body - 522; Response to the Questions - 524; The Resurrection of Women's Bodies - 526; The Meaning of Complete Manhood - 527; Further Responses to Questions about the Resurrected Body - 528; The Gift of the Life to Come - 532; The Evils of this Life - 533; The Struggles of the Righteous: the Battle against the Vices - 536; The Goods of this Life - 537; The Goods of the Life to Come - 541; Against Philosophical Objections to the Resurrection of the Body - 542; The Eternal Life of the Saints: the Vision of God - 546; Will the Saints See God with the Eyes of the Spiritual Body? - 547; The Felicity of the Saints: Seeing, Loving, and Praising God - 551 Index of Scripture page 555 Index page 569