The Human Gait

1 Experiments on Man, Loaded and Unloaded.- Description of the Experimental Method.- Deduction of the Tridimensional Rectangular Co-ordinates from the Serial Pictures.- Finding the Tridimensional Co-ordinates of the Joint Centres.- Trajectories of the Joint Centres, Vertex, Centres of Gravity of the Feet and Tips of the Feet.- Rotations and Deformations of the Trunk.- Rotations of the Hip Line.- Rotations of the Shoulder Line.- Rotations of the Trunk Line.- Rotations of the Head.- Gait of the Loaded Man.- Conclusions.- 2 The Movement of the Total Centre of Gravity and the External Forces.- Methods of Determining the Trajectory of the Centre of Gravity.- Trajectory of the Total Centre of Gravity of the Human Body.- Velocities and Accelerations of the Total Centre of Gravity.- On the External Forces.- Conclusions.- 3 Considerations on the Further Goals of the Research and Overall View of the Movements of the Lower Extremities.- Considerations on the Further Process and Final Goals of the Investigation.- General Behaviour of the Legs.- Critical Analysis of the Leg Movements According to Weber and Weber.- Positional Angles of the Segments of the Lower Extremities.- The Angles of the Knee and Ankle Joints.- Summary.- 4 On the Movement of the Foot and the Forces Acting on It.- On the Forces Acting on the Foot and Their Torques.- The Resultant Force Couples of the Muscles, of Gravity and of the Effective Forces.- The Movement Equations for the Feet.- Overall View of the Activity of the Muscles of the Foot During Walking.- Velocities and Accelerations of the Centre of Gravity of the Foot.- Effective Forces and Momenta of Both Feet.- Summary.- 5 Kinematics of the Swing of the Leg.- On the Typical Walker's Step.- On the Forces Involved During the Swinging Period and How They Act on the Segments of the Leg.- Angular Velocities and Angular Accelerations of the Rotation of the Three Segments of the Leg During the Swinging Period.- Velocities and Accelerations of the Centres of Gravity of the Three Segments of the Leg During the Swinging Period.- Summary.- 6 On the Influence of Gravity and the Muscles on the Swinging Movement of the Leg.- The Components of the Effective Forces.- On the Effect of Movement on Joint Compression.- The Torques Exerted by Gravity.- The Torques Exerted by the Effective Forces.- The Torques Exerted by the Internal Forces.- On the Activity of the Muscles During the Swinging of the Leg.- Summary.- Name and Subject Index.