The Parameter of Aspect

By: C.S. Smith

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Hardcover | 31 August 1997 | Edition Number 2

At a Glance

Hardcover
380 Pages

Edition Type
Revised

Dimensions(cm)
25.4 x 17.15 x 2.54

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While working on this project I have received institutional support of several kinds, for which I am most grateful. I thank the Institute for Advanced Study at Stanford University, and the Spencer Foundation. for a stimulating environment in which the basic idea of this book was developed. The Max Planck Institute for Psycho linguistics at Nijmegen enabled me to spend several months working on the the manuscript. A National Science Foundation grant to develop Discourse Representation Theory, and a grant from The University Research Institute of the University of Texas, also gave me time to pursue this project. I thank Helen Aristar-Dry for reading early drafts of the manuscript, Osten Dahl for penetrating remarks on a preliminary version, and my collaborator Gilbert Rappaport for relentless comments and questions throughout. People with whom I have worked on particular languages are mentioned in the relevant chapters. lowe a special debt of gratitude to the members of my graduate seminar on aspect in the spring of 1990: they raised many questions of importance which made a real differ- ence to the final form of the theory. I have benefitted from presenting parts of this material publicly, including colloquia at the University of California at Berkeley, the University of California at San Diego, the University of Pennsylvania, Rice University, the University of Texas, and University of Tel Aviv. I thank Adrienne Diehr and Marjorie Troutner for their efficient and good-humored help throughout the work on the first edition.

Industry Reviews

"The book is well organized and easy to follow. In conclusion this work is an important contribution to the study of aspect. The first edition of the book became one of the basic works on aspect, cited by many and used as a textbook by some. I believe this edition will gain the same respect."
(Pragmatics & Cognition, 8:2 (2000)

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Non-Fiction Language & Linguistics Linguistics Grammar, Syntax & Morphology Semantics & Discourse Analysis Reference, Information & Interdisciplinary Subjects Encyclopaedias & Reference Works Science Science in General Language Learning & Teaching Language Teaching & Learning Material & Coursework Grammar, Vocabulary & Pronunciation

Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. xiii
	p. xix
The Approach	p. 1
The general theory	p. 1
The two components in sentences	p. 2
Aspectual systems in language	p. 4
Aspectual choice	p. 6
The structure of the aspectual components	p. 8
The logic of markedness	p. 8
Markedness, categorization, and aspectual choice	p. 10
Situation type categories and prototype theory	p. 11
The parameter of aspect and Universal Grammar	p. 13
Situation Aspect	p. 17
Basic-level and derived-level situation types	p. 17
Temporal features of the situation types	p. 19
The causal chain	p. 21
The situation types	p. 22
Activities	p. 23
Accomplishments	p. 26
Semelfactives	p. 29
Achievements	p. 30
Statives	p. 32
The general categories of event and state	p. 35
The Linguistic Realization of the Situation Types	p. 39
Syntactic and semantic properties	p. 39
Linguistic properties of the temporal features	p. 39
Linguistic characterization of the situation types	p. 44
Derived situation types	p. 48
Super-lexical morphemes: lexical focus	p. 48
Multiple-event Activities	p. 50
Habitual Statives	p. 50
Marked focus	p. 51
A principle for interpreted situation type shifts	p. 53
Rules for composing verb constellations	p. 54
Basic-level verb constellations	p. 54
Derived-level verb constellations	p. 55
Verb constellations of interest	p. 56
Perception verbs, Personal property predicates	p. 56
Vague verb constellations	p. 58
Viewpoint Aspect	p. 61
Semantic information and aspectual viewpoints	p. 62
Families of viewpoints	p. 65
Perfective viewpoints	p. 66
Imperfective viewpoints	p. 73
Neutral viewpoints	p. 77
The independence of viewpoint and situation type	p. 81
Viewpoint span	p. 81
Visible information and the imperfective paradox	p. 83
The relation between statives and imperfectives	p. 84
Viewpoints and conventions of use	p. 86
Pragmatic conventions and closed systems	p. 86
Augmented interpretations	p. 87
Conventions of use for aspectual viewpoints	p. 88
Narrative conventions and the viewpoints	p. 92
Temporal Location	p. 97
Time and temporal location	p. 97
Temporal information in sentences	p. 99
The coordinates of temporal location	p. 99
Temporal reference and temporal location	p. 101
Tenses and the perfect	p. 106
Tense	p. 106
The perfect	p. 106
Sentences about the Present	p. 110
Adverbials	p. 112
The interpretation of temporal expressions	p. 117
The Formal Analysis of Temporal Meaning	p. 123
Formalizing aspectual concepts	p. 123
Situation aspect	p. 124
Viewpoint aspect	p. 126
Perfective viewpoints	p. 128
Imperfective viewpoints	p. 130
From form to meaning: Determining the aspectual meaning of sentences	p. 131
Computing scopal structure	p. 132
Compositional rules for situation type	p. 133
Determining the temporal location meaning of sentences	p. 137
Aspectual Meaning in Discourse Representation Theory	p. 141
Meaning and language understanding	p. 141
Discourse Representation Theory	p. 144
Discourse Representation Structures	p. 145
Aspectual meaning in Discourse Representation Structure	p. 145
Temporal location in Discourse Representation Structures	p. 148
Other viewpoints in Discourse Representation Structures	p. 150
Relating the Discourse Representation Structure to a model	p. 152
Aspectual indeterminacy and inference	p. 154
Additional DRSs	p. 160
	p. 165
Introduction to Part II	p. 167
The Aspectual System of English	p. 169
Introductory characterization	p. 169
Viewpoint aspect	p. 169
The perfective viewpoint	p. 170
The imperfective viewpoint	p. 171
Conventions of use	p. 175
Situation type	p. 176
Temporal properties in sentences of English	p. 176
Activities	p. 177
Accomplishments	p. 178
Semelfactives	p. 180
Achievements	p. 181
Statives	p. 182
Temporal location and aspect	p. 184
Present tense sentences	p. 185
The Perfect construction	p. 186
The Futurate	p. 189
The Aspectual System of French	p. 193
Introductory characterization	p. 193
Viewpoint aspect	p. 193
The perfective viewpoint	p. 194
The imperfective viewpoints	p. 197
The Neutral viewpoint	p. 201
Temporal location	p. 204
The Past tenses	p. 204
The Present tenses	p. 208
The Future tenses	p. 210
Conventions of use	p. 211
Situation Aspect	p. 214
Temporal properties in French	p. 214
Activities	p. 215
Accomplishments	p. 218
Semelfactives	p. 220
Achievements	p. 220
Statives	p. 222
The Aspectual System of Russian	p. 227
Introductory characterization	p. 227
Morphological preliminaries	p. 228
Viewpoint aspect	p. 229
The perfective viewpoint	p. 230
The imperfective viewpoint	p. 231
Conventions of use	p. 234
Situation aspect	p. 241
Grammatical features of Russian	p. 241
Temporal properties in Russian	p. 242
Activities	p. 243
Accomplishments	p. 245
Semelfactives	p. 246
Achievements	p. 247
Statives	p. 248
Temporal location	p. 250
Tense	p. 250
Adverbials	p. 251
Infinitives	p. 252
Negation	p. 256
Test for the viewpoint aspect of a verb form	p. 258
The Aspectual System of Mandarin Chinese	p. 263
Introductory characterization	p. 263
Viewpoint aspect	p. 263
The perfective viewpoints	p. 263
The imperfective viewpoints	p. 271
The neutral viewpoint	p. 277
Conventions of use	p. 279
Situation aspect	p. 281
Grammatical features of Mandarin	p. 281
Temporal properties in Mandarin	p. 284
Activities	p. 285
Accomplishments	p. 287
Semelfactives	p. 290
Achievements	p. 291
Statives	p. 292
Verb constellations of special interest	p. 294
The Aspectual System of Navajo	p. 297
Introductory characterization	p. 297
The Navajo Aspectual System	p. 297
Preliminaries: The Navajo verb	p. 298
Viewpoint aspect	p. 300
The perfective viewpoint	p. 301
The imperfective viewpoint	p. 302
The progressive viewpoint	p. 303
The neutral viewpoint	p. 304
Conventions of use	p. 306
Situation aspect	p. 309
The Navajo sentence	p. 309
Temporal properties in Navajo	p. 312
Durative events	p. 313
Instantaneous events	p. 317
Statives	p. 317
Lexical and morphological factors	p. 319
Super-lexical morphemes	p. 319
Verb lexeme categories	p. 321
Time expressions in Navajo	p. 323
Temporal location: tense and adverbials	p. 323
Temporal duration	p. 324
Examples of VLC category members	p. 327
References	p. 331
General Index	p. 343
Name Index	p. 347
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

The Parameter of Aspect

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

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