| Preface | p. ix |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Appreciating plants | p. 1 |
| What kind of plant physiology? | p. 2 |
| Molecular biology and plant physiology: the integration of disciplines | p. 3 |
| Outline of the text | p. 5 |
| Nutrition and transport | |
| Flow of energy and carbon through the plant: photosynthesis and respiration | p. 9 |
| Introduction | p. 9 |
| Energy flow and carbon turnover in the biosphere | p. 9 |
| Photosynthesis: light absorption and utilization | p. 12 |
| The fixation of carbon dioxide | p. 18 |
| Limiting factors for photosynthesis | p. 30 |
| The efficiency of energy conversion in photosynthesis | p. 32 |
| Photosynthesis and the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide | p. 36 |
| Respiration: the oxidative breakdown of organic compounds | p. 38 |
| Terminal oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation | p. 46 |
| Anaerobic respiration | p. 49 |
| Respiration and plant activity | p. 53 |
| Water relations | p. 60 |
| Introduction | p. 60 |
| Water movement and energy: the concept of water potential | p. 61 |
| Water potentials of plant cells and tissues | p. 61 |
| Water relations of whole plants and organs | p. 68 |
| The transport of solutes in the xylem | p. 85 |
| Water uptake and loss: control by environmental and plant factors | p. 86 |
| Water conservation: xerophytes and xeromorphic characters | p. 95 |
| Mineral nutrition | p. 100 |
| Introduction | p. 100 |
| Essential elements | p. 100 |
| Ion uptake and transport in the plant | p. 106 |
| Nitrogen assimilation, fixation and cycling | p. 122 |
| Problems with mineral elements: deficiency and toxicity | p. 128 |
| Translocation of organic compounds | p. 133 |
| Introduction | p. 133 |
| Phloem as the channel for organic translocation | p. 133 |
| The rate and direction of translocation | p. 139 |
| Phloem loading and unloading | p. 142 |
| Partitioning of translocate between sinks: integration at the whole-plant level | p. 146 |
| The mechanism of phloem translocation | p. 148 |
| Growth and development | |
| Growth as a quantitative process | p. 161 |
| Introduction | p. 161 |
| The measurement of plant growth | p. 162 |
| Growth, development and differentiation | p. 163 |
| Localization of growth in space and time | p. 164 |
| Conditions necessary for growth | p. 165 |
| Growth rates | p. 167 |
| Plant growth hormones | p. 177 |
| Introduction | p. 177 |
| Plant growth hormones | p. 178 |
| Detection and quantification of hormones in plants | p. 191 |
| How do plant hormones cause responses? | p. 194 |
| Cell growth and differentiation | p. 205 |
| Introduction | p. 205 |
| Meristems and cell division | p. 205 |
| Mitochondrial and plastid division | p. 211 |
| Cell expansion: mechanism and control | p. 213 |
| Cell differentiation | p. 218 |
| Vegetative development | p. 221 |
| Introduction | p. 221 |
| The structure and activity of the shoot apical meristem | p. 221 |
| Organ formation | p. 225 |
| Secondary growth | p. 227 |
| Development of the leaf | p. 228 |
| The structure and activity of the root apical meristem | p. 239 |
| Photomorphogenesis | p. 246 |
| Introduction | p. 246 |
| The switch from etiolated to de-etiolated growth | p. 247 |
| Phytochrome and photomorphogenesis | p. 248 |
| UV-A/blue light photoreceptors (cryptochrome) | p. 255 |
| Genes controlling etiolated growth | p. 256 |
| Unravelling photomorphogenesis | p. 257 |
| Phytochrome signal transduction | p. 263 |
| Reproductive development | p. 270 |
| Introduction | p. 270 |
| Juvenility and 'ripeness to flower' | p. 270 |
| The control of flowering by daylength and temperature | p. 271 |
| Plant size and flowering | p. 277 |
| The regulation of floral induction is a multifactorial process | p. 279 |
| Floral development | p. 281 |
| Pattern development in flowers | p. 287 |
| The formation of pollen | p. 291 |
| The formation of the embryo sac | p. 293 |
| Pollination | p. 295 |
| Embryo formation | p. 301 |
| Seeds and nutrition | p. 303 |
| Fruit development | p. 308 |
| Seed dormancy | p. 310 |
| Germination and the resumption of growth | p. 315 |
| Growth movements | p. 318 |
| Introduction | p. 318 |
| Nastic responses | p. 318 |
| Tropisms | p. 320 |
| Resistance to stress | p. 344 |
| Introduction | p. 344 |
| Terminology and concepts | p. 344 |
| Water-deficit stress | p. 346 |
| Low-temperature stress | p. 354 |
| High-temperature stress | p. 362 |
| Relationships between different types of stress resistance: cross-tolerance | p. 366 |
| Development of stress-resistant crop plants | p. 368 |
| Appendix | p. 373 |
| Naming genes, proteins and mutations | p. 373 |
| Units of measurement | p. 373 |
| Prefixes for units | p. 375 |
| Index | p. 376 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
