The Registration and Monitoring of Sex Offenders
A Comparative Study
By: Terry Thomas
Paperback | 14 June 2011 | Edition Number 1
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202 Pages
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This book seeks to track the origins of sex offender registers, their purpose and the law and policy that underpins them in various parts of the world.
Sex offender registers are not really registers at all but a set of 'legal requirements' that fall automatically on a person convicted or cautioned for a designated sexual offence; the term 'register' is a form of shorthand for these requirements, designed to be a contribution to greater public protection and community safety.
This book provides the first serious and detailed narrative of the conception and implementation of the sex offender registers. It seeks to do so in a clear and easy-to-follow text that will be both informed and critical and will also serve as a resource book for those wanting to make further study of the process of registration and monitoring.
It looks in detail at the practice of implementing registers and considers questions about their effectiveness in monitoring sex offenders and the implications of someone being on a sex offender register. The book examines the legal challenges to registers and monitoring and the position of registrants in the context of human rights and seeks to place registers and monitoring in the wider context of what is being called the surveillance society.
The Registration and Monitoring of Sex Offenders will be key reading for students of criminology and criminal justice, surveillance and human rights and practitioners in criminal justice fields of policing, probation, social work, children's services, the judiciary, prison work and others.
Industry Reviews
Acknowledgements | p. xi |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Chapter outlines | p. 7 |
Registers - a source of 'tyranny and intimidation'? | p. 9 |
An early history of registration | p. 10 |
Early modern times (1500-1800) | p. 10 |
Nineteenth-century registers | p. 13 |
A registration idea from Australia | p. 16 |
Tickets of leave - the UK version | p. 17 |
The registration of convicted offenders in the UK | p. 18 |
A registration idea from British India | p. 20 |
The twentieth century and the new liberal state | p. 22 |
Registering the alien | p. 22 |
Conclusions | p. 23 |
Twentieth-century registration of the deviant, the dangerous and the offender | p. 25 |
Framing the sex crime | p. 25 |
Registration in Germany | p. 26 |
Registering criminals in the USA - an early example | p. 28 |
The UK's approach to child sex offenders in the 1930s | p. 31 |
Information on adults | p. 32 |
Children's registers | p. 33 |
Registers for people with mental health problems | p. 35 |
The US 'first wave' and the first sex offender registers | p. 36 |
'An age of complacency'? | p. 38 |
Conclusions | p. 39 |
Sex offender registers in the United States of America | p. 40 |
State initiatives on registration | p. 40 |
Developments in other states | p. 44 |
Federal laws on registration and community notification | p. 45 |
1994: The Jacob Wetterling Crimes against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act | p. 45 |
1996: 'Megan's Law' | p. 47 |
1996: The Pam Lychner Sexual Offender Tracking and Identification Act | p. 48 |
1998: The Jacob Wetterling Improvements Act | p. 49 |
2000: The Campus Sex Crimes Prevention Act | p. 49 |
2003: The Prosecutorial Remedies and other Tools to End the Exploitation of Children Today (PROTECT) Act | p. 50 |
2006: The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act | p. 50 |
The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act: requirements of the states | p. 50 |
The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act: the federal role | p. 52 |
Implementing the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act | p. 54 |
2008: The Keeping the Internet Devoid of Sexual Predators Act (the KIDS Act) | p. 55 |
Other US developments | p. 55 |
Legal challenges to the US registers | p. 56 |
Conclusions | p. 57 |
The UK sex offender register | p. 59 |
Origins of an idea | p. 59 |
'Sentencing and supervision of sex offenders' | p. 61 |
The Sex Offender Bill | p. 62 |
The Sex Offenders Act 1997 | p. 64 |
The register in practice | p. 64 |
The Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000 | p. 65 |
Multi-agency public protection arrangements | p. 66 |
'Where are they now?' | p. 68 |
The 2001 review | p. 68 |
The Sexual Offences Act 2003 | p. 69 |
2005: Managing Sex Offenders in the Community | p. 71 |
2005: The Irving Review | p. 72 |
2007: 'Cross government action plan on sexual violence and abuse' | p. 72 |
2007: Review of the Protection of Children from Sex Offenders | p. 73 |
CEOP and ViSOR | p. 74 |
2010: Restriction and rehabilitation: getting the right mix | p. 75 |
Legal challenges to the UK register | p. 76 |
Conclusions | p. 79 |
Registers around the world | p. 80 |
The Republic of Ireland | p. 80 |
France | p. 83 |
Jersey | p. 84 |
Canada | p. 86 |
Provincial registers | p. 86 |
The federal register | p. 87 |
Australia | p. 89 |
State and territories registers | p. 90 |
The federal register | p. 92 |
Pitcairn Island | p. 92 |
Republic of South Africa | p. 93 |
Kenya | p. 94 |
Jamaica | p. 95 |
Conclusions | p. 96 |
Sex offender registers in progress and cross-border monitoring | p. 97 |
Austria | p. 97 |
The Czech Republic | p. 97 |
Germany | p. 98 |
Belgium | p. 98 |
Hong Kong | p. 99 |
New Zealand | p. 100 |
Monitoring sex offenders across international borders | p. 102 |
Avoiding registration requirements | p. 102 |
New offending | p. 103 |
'Sexual tourism' | p. 104 |
Avoiding employment screening | p. 105 |
Monitoring the movement of the outbound sex offender | p. 106 |
Monitoring the movement of the inbound sex offender | p. 108 |
A bilateral arrangement: tracking sex offenders moving between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland | p. 110 |
International sex offender registers | p. 112 |
Conclusions | p. 113 |
Community notification and residence restrictions | p. 114 |
Community notification or 'Megan's Law' | p. 114 |
Unofficial community notification | p. 118 |
The 'For Sarah' campaign | p. 120 |
Discretionary disclosure | p. 122 |
A 'presumption to disclose' | p. 124 |
Residential restrictions on sex offenders | p. 126 |
Sex offender residency restriction in the USA | p. 128 |
Sex offender residency restriction in the UK | p. 130 |
Conclusions | p. 131 |
Making sense of sex offender registers | p. 132 |
Introduction | p. 132 |
Maintaining the register | p. 132 |
Monitoring and enforcement | p. 134 |
Compliance and accuracy | p. 135 |
The impact of being on the register | p. 137 |
Relationships | p. 139 |
Harassment | p. 139 |
Stigmatisation and vulnerability | p. 141 |
Employment | p. 141 |
The question of privacy | p. 143 |
Monitoring those without convictions | p. 143 |
Registration and young sex offenders | p. 144 |
What is the evidence that registration and community notification works? | p. 146 |
Is registration just media led? | p. 148 |
Conclusions | p. 149 |
Conclusions | p. 151 |
Other methods of monitoring the sex offender | p. 151 |
Why sex offenders? | p. 153 |
From dangerousness to risk to the 'precautionary principle' | p. 153 |
Criminology of the 'other' | p. 155 |
Criminology of 'us' | p. 156 |
Surveillance studies | p. 158 |
Bibliography | p. 160 |
Index | p. 178 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780415667814
ISBN-10: 041566781X
Published: 14th June 2011
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number of Pages: 202
Audience: College, Tertiary and University
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
Country of Publication: GB
Edition Number: 1
Dimensions (cm): 23.39 x 15.6 x 1.09
Weight (kg): 0.32
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This product is categorised by
- Non-FictionSocial Services & WelfareCrime & CriminologyOffenders
- Non-FictionLawLaws of Specific JurisdictionsCriminal Law & ProcedureCriminal Justice Law
- Non-FictionSocial Services & WelfareCrime & CriminologyPenology & Punishment
- Non-FictionSociety & CultureSocial Issues & ProcessesViolence in Society