The Retinal Muller Cell : Structure and Function

Structure and Function

By: Vijay Sarthy, Harris Ripps

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Hardcover | 1 April 2001

At a Glance

Hardcover
300 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
22.86 x 15.24 x 1.75

Hardcover

$349.17

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The human brain contains more than a billion neurons which interconnect to form networks that process, store, and recall sensory information. These neuronal activities are supported by a group of accessory brain cells coll- tively known as neuroglia. Surprisingly, glial cells are ten times more - merous than neurons, and occupy more than half the brain volume (Hyd©n, 1961). Although long considered a passive, albeit necessary, component of the nervous system, many interesting and unusual functional properties of glial cells are only now being brought to light. As a result, the status of these cellular elements is approaching parity with nerve cells as a subject for experimental study. The term glia (or glue) seems today to be a misnomer in view of the diverse functions attributed to glial cells. Experimental studies in the last three decades have clearly established that the behavior of glial cells is far from passive, and that they are at least as complex as neurons with regard to their membrane properties. In addition, glial cells are of importance in signal processing, cellular metabolism, nervous system development, and the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. The M¼ller cell of the ver- brate retina provides a splendid example of an accessory cell that exhibits features illustrating every aspect of the complex behavior now associated with glial cells.

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Non-Fiction Science Biology, Life Sciences Cellular Biology Medicine Clinical & Internal Medicine Ophthalmology Neurology & Clinical Neurophysiology Pre-Clinical Medicine & Basic Sciences Physiology Regional Physiology Biochemistry

Structural Organization of Retinal Glia	p. 1
Muller Cells	p. 1
Astrocytes and Microglia	p. 28
Role in Retinal Development	p. 35
Lineage, Birthdate, and Development of Muller Cells	p. 36
Roles in Retinal Development	p. 47
Developmental Regulation of Gene Expression	p. 61
Metabolic Interactions with Neurons	p. 67
Energy Coupling	p. 67
Glutamate Metabolism	p. 78
GABA Metabolism	p. 86
Acid-Base Regulation	p. 89
Retinoid Metabolism	p. 95
Neuron-Glia Signaling Pathways	p. 101
Membrane Transport	p. 102
Electrophysiology of Membrane Transport	p. 110
Transmitter-operated Ion Channels	p. 119
A Calcium-based Intercellular Signal Pathway	p. 124
Nitric Oxide	p. 127
K[superscript +], Ion Channels, and Transretinal Potentials	p. 135
Regulation of Extracellular Potassium	p. 137
Voltage-activated Ion Channels	p. 143
Other Voltage-dependent Ion Channels	p. 148
The Na[superscript +]-K[superscript +] Pump	p. 155
Why Voltage-dependent Ion Channels?	p. 157
Light-evoked Changes in Extracellular K[superscript +]	p. 162
Cellular Origins of the Electroretinogram	p. 166
Role in Retinal Pathophysiology	p. 181
Retinal Ischemia and Excitotoxicity	p. 181
The Immune Response	p. 186
Phagocytosis	p. 190
Retinal Conditions with Potential Muller Cell Involvement	p. 192
Reactive Gliosis	p. 198
On the Histology of the Retina	p. 217
References	p. 225
Index	p. 273
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.

The Retinal Muller Cell : Structure and Function

Structure and Function

At a Glance

Hardcover

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