| Introduction | p. 1 |
| What, When, and Where, Wirelessly | p. 1 |
| Why Would You Read This Book? | p. 2 |
| What Comes Next? | p. 3 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 4 |
| Further Reading | p. 4 |
| History and Practice of RFID | p. 7 |
| It All Started with IFF | p. 7 |
| Making It Cheap | p. 9 |
| Making and Selling: Tracking Big Stuff | p. 15 |
| Tracking Small Stuff: AutoID and the Web of Things | p. 18 |
| RFTD Systems and Terminology | p. 21 |
| Types of RFTD | p. 23 |
| Frequency Bands for RFTD | p. 23 |
| Passive, Semi-Passive, and Active Tags | p. 33 |
| Communications Protocols | p. 39 |
| The Internet of Things and UHF RFTD | p. 44 |
| Further Reading | p. 46 |
| Exercises | p. 46 |
| Radio Basics for UHF RFID | p. 49 |
| Electromagnetic Waves | p. 49 |
| Describing Signal Voltage and Power | p. 53 |
| Information, Modulation, and Multiplexing | p. 55 |
| Backscatter Radio Links | p. 65 |
| Link Budgets | p. 70 |
| Reader Transmit Power | p. 71 |
| Path Loss | p. 72 |
| Tag Power Requirement | p. 73 |
| Effect of Antenna Gain and Polarization on Range | p. 76 |
| Adding a Battery | p. 88 |
| Propagation in the Real World | p. 93 |
| Capsule Summary: Chapter 3 | p. 99 |
| Further Reading | p. 100 |
| Exercises | p. 100 |
| UHF RFID Readers | p. 103 |
| A Radio's Days (And Nights) | p. 103 |
| Radio Architectures | p. 106 |
| Radio Components | p. 110 |
| Amplifiers | p. 111 |
| Mixers | p. 124 |
| Oscillators and Synthesizers | p. 131 |
| Filters | p. 141 |
| Digital-Analog Conversion | p. 148 |
| Circulators and Directional Couplers | p. 151 |
| RFLD Transmitters | p. 155 |
| Transmitter Architectures | p. 155 |
| Transmit Power Efficiency | p. 163 |
| Phase and Amplitude Noise | p. 166 |
| RELD Receivers | p. 170 |
| Receiver Architectures | p. 171 |
| DC Offsets and Recovery | p. 173 |
| Phase and Amplitude Noise and Sensitivity | p. 175 |
| Example Design Calculations | p. 176 |
| Digital-Analog Conversion and Signal Processing | p. 178 |
| Packaging and Power | p. 181 |
| Capsule Summary | p. 182 |
| Further Reading | p. 183 |
| Exercises | p. 185 |
| UHF RFID Tags | p. 189 |
| Power and Powerlessness | p. 189 |
| RF to DC | p. 191 |
| Getting Started, Getting Data | p. 200 |
| Talking Back | p. 202 |
| Tag IC Overall Design Challenges | p. 212 |
| Packaging: No Small Matter | p. 214 |
| Other Passive Ways | p. 221 |
| Assault of the Battery | p. 226 |
| Capsule Summary | p. 232 |
| Further Reading | p. 234 |
| Exercises | p. 236 |
| Reader Antennas | p. 239 |
| Not Just for Insects Anymore | p. 239 |
| Current Events: Fundamentals of Antenna Operation | p. 239 |
| Got Gain? | p. 241 |
| Polarization | p. 247 |
| Impedance and Bandwidth | p. 250 |
| The Patch Antenna | p. 255 |
| It's All on the Datasheet (Except the Price!) | p. 262 |
| Antennas for Fixed Readers | p. 263 |
| Doors and Portals | p. 263 |
| Interference and Collocation | p. 265 |
| Conveyor Antenna Configuration | p. 268 |
| Antennas for Handheld or Portable Readers | p. 272 |
| Near-Field Antennas | p. 277 |
| Cables and Connectors | p. 282 |
| Capsule Summary | p. 289 |
| Afterword: An Electron's Eyelash | p. 290 |
| Further Reading | p. 291 |
| Exercises | p. 292 |
| Tag Antennas | p. 299 |
| World to Tag, Tag to World | p. 299 |
| Impedance Matching and Power Transfer | p. 300 |
| Dipoles and Derivatives | p. 308 |
| Wiggling Wires | p. 308 |
| Match L with L of L | p. 312 |
| Getting Loaded | p. 319 |
| Fat and Thin | p. 322 |
| Folding Up | p. 325 |
| Polarization | p. 328 |
| Radar Scattering Cross-Section | p. 330 |
| Tags and the (local) Environment | p. 334 |
| Nearby Objects | p. 334 |
| Near-field and Hybrid Tag Antennas | p. 351 |
| Capsule Summary | p. 353 |
| Further Reading | p. 354 |
| Exercises | p. 355 |
| UHF RFID Protocols | p. 361 |
| What a Protocol Droid Should Know | p. 361 |
| Days of Yore | p. 370 |
| EPCglobal Generation 1 | p. 373 |
| EPCglobal Class 0 | p. 373 |
| EPCglobal Class 1 Generation 1 | p. 383 |
| ISO 18000-6B (Intellitag) | p. 390 |
| ISO 18000-6C (EPCglobal Class 1 Generation 2) | p. 395 |
| EPCglobal Network Protocols | p. 396 |
| The Electronic Product Code | p. 397 |
| Overview and Tag Memory Organization | p. 398 |
| Reader and Tag Symbols and Coding | p. 400 |
| Packet Structure | p. 411 |
| Medium Access Control | p. 414 |
| States and Commands | p. 420 |
| Normal Operation and Key User Parameters | p. 424 |
| Protocol Performance and Link Timing | p. 428 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 431 |
| ISO 18000-6 Extensions | p. 432 |
| Total (18000-6D) | p. 433 |
| Battery-Assisted Tags | p. 434 |
| Sensors | p. 437 |
| Active Device Protocols | p. 438 |
| Capsule Summary | p. 444 |
| Further Reading | p. 445 |
| Exercises | p. 447 |
| RFID Applications | p. 453 |
| What Is It All for? | p. 453 |
| Cost | p. 453 |
| Range | p. 454 |
| Useful Life in the Application Environment | p. 454 |
| Quantities and Rates | p. 454 |
| Security and Privacy | p. 455 |
| Old Tricks | p. 455 |
| Aircraft Identification | p. 456 |
| Railcar Tracking | p. 457 |
| Automobile Tolling | p. 458 |
| Animal Tracking | p. 461 |
| Container Tracking | p. 463 |
| Supply Chain Tracking for Consumer Goods | p. 468 |
| Plus CÆest La Meme Chose | p. 471 |
| New Capabilities | p. 476 |
| Things to Keep in Mind: Makers | p. 478 |
| Radios | p. 478 |
| Safety | p. 479 |
| Environment | p. 479 |
| Documentation and Support | p. 479 |
| Things to Keep in Mind: Users | p. 480 |
| Silly But Fun | p. 481 |
| Capsule Summary | p. 481 |
| Further Reading | p. 482 |
| Exercises | p. 483 |
| Afterword | p. 485 |
| Radio Regulations | p. 487 |
| Harmonic Functions | p. 499 |
| Resistance, Impedance and Switching | p. 505 |
| Reflection and Matching | p. 513 |
| Index | p. 521 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
