The Theory of Atomic Spectra

By: E. U. Condon, G. H. Shortley

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Paperback | 3 March 1935

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Condon and Shortley has become the standard comprehensive work on the theory of atomic spectra. The first two chapters contain a brief historical introduction and an exposition of quantum mechanics along the lines formulated by Dirac. Then follow sixteen chapters devoted to a unified, logical deduction of the structure of the spectra of atoms from quantum mechanical principles. The theory is given in full detail and the results are amply documented with comparisons with experimental observations. When first published, a reviewer in Nature said that 'Its power and thoroughness leave the general impression of a work of the first rank, which successfully unifies the existing state of our knowledge, and will prove for many years a starting point for further researches and an inspiration to those who may undertake them'. Subsequent reviewers have amply confirmed these views. Science in 1952 commented that it 'has served half a generation and as a guide in further detailed research', and Reviews of Modern Physics in 1957 that this 'monumental book ... continues to be the most comprehensive account of our understanding of atomic spectra - the fruit of several decades' intensive study by a great number of physicists of all countries'.

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Non-Fiction Science Physics Quantum Physics & Quantum Mechanics & Quantum Field Theory Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Spectrum Analysis Atomic & Molecular Physics Nuclear Physics

Preface to the 1963 impression	p. xiii
Preface	p. xiv
Introduction	p. 1
The Quantum Mechanical Method	p. 12
Symbolic algebra of states and observables	p. 12
Representations of states and observables	p. 15
Continuous eigenvalues and the Schrodinger representation	p. 20
The statistical interpretation	p. 24
The laws of quantum mechanics	p. 25
Schrodinger's equation	p. 26
Matrix mechanics	p. 27
Perturbation theory	p. 30
Resume of the perturbation theory	p. 34
Remarks on the perturbation theory	p. 35
Perturbation caused by a single state	p. 37
The analysis of non-commuting vectors	p. 43
Angular Momentum	p. 45
Definition of angular momentum	p. 45
Allowed values of angular momentum	p. 46
The matrices of angular momentum	p. 48
Orbital angular momentum	p. 50
Spin angular momentum	p. 54
Vector addition of angular momenta	p. 56
The matrix of [characters not reproducible]	p. 58
Matrix of T in the j m scheme. Selection rule on j	p. 59
Dependence of the matrix of T on m	p. 61
The matrices of J[subscript 1] and J[subscript 2], where J[subscript 1] + J[subscript 2] = J	p. 64
Matrix of a vector P which commutes with J[subscript 1]	p. 67
Matrix of P.Q	p. 70
Sum rules	p. 71
Transformation amplitudes for vector addition	p. 73
The Theory of Radiation	p. 79
Transition probabilities	p. 79
Classical electromagnetic theory	p. 83
Expansion of the retarded potential	p. 84
The correspondence principle for emission	p. 87
The dipole-radiation field	p. 90
The quadrupole-radiation field	p. 93
Spectral lines in natural excitation	p. 97
Induced emission and absorption	p. 100
Dispersion theory. Scattering. Raman effect	p. 103
Natural shape of absorption lines	p. 109
One-Electron Spectra	p. 112
Central-force problem	p. 112
Radial functions for hydrogen	p. 114
The relativity correction	p. 118
Spin-orbit interaction	p. 120
Sketch of the relativistic theory	p. 125
Intensities in hydrogen	p. 131
Experimental results for hydrogenic spectra	p. 137
General structure of the alkali spectra	p. 141
Intensities in alkali spectra	p. 147
Zeeman effect	p. 149
The Central-Field Approximation	p. 158
The Hamiltonian for many-electron atoms	p. 158
Equivalence degeneracy	p. 160
The dynamical equivalence of the electrons	p. 162
The Pauli exclusion principle	p. 166
Conventions concerning quantum numbers. Closed shells	p. 168
Matrix components for [Sigma subscript i]f(i)	p. 169
Matrix components for [Sigma subscript i,j]g(i, j)	p. 171
Matrix components of electrostatic interaction	p. 174
Specialization for closed shells	p. 177
One electron outside closed shells	p. 183
Odd and even states	p. 185
The Russell-Saunders Case: Energy Levels	p. 187
The LS-coupling scheme	p. 188
Term energies	p. 191
The Lande interval rule	p. 193
Absolute term intervals	p. 195
Formulas and experimental comparison	p. 197
Terms in the nl[superscript x] configurations	p. 207
The triplet terms of helium	p. 210
The Russell-Saunders Case: Eigenfunctions	p. 213
Vector coupling in antisymmetric states	p. 213
Genealogical characterization of LS-coupling terms	p. 216
Lande intervals for terms of coupled groups	p. 219
Calculation of eigenfunctions by direct diagonalization	p. 220
Calculation of eigenfunctions using angular-momentum operators	p. 226
Calculation of eigenfunctions from vector-coupling formulas	p. 228
Separation of the [superscript 2]D's of d[superscript 3]	p. 233
The Russell-Saunders Case: Line Strengths	p. 236
Configuration selection rules	p. 236
Line strengths in Russell-Saunders multiplets	p. 237
Multiplet strengths in a transition array	p. 244
Multiplet strengths obtained from spectroscopic stability	p. 249
Quadrupole multiplets	p. 252
jj Coupling	p. 257
The jj-coupling scheme and the spin-orbit interaction	p. 257
The addition of a weak electrostatic interaction	p. 259
Eigenfunctions	p. 262
Line strengths	p. 264
Intermediate Coupling	p. 266
Matrix of spin-orbit interaction for configurations consisting of coupled groups	p. 266
Matrix of spin-orbit interaction obtained from the eigenfunctions	p. 270
Illustrations of the transition from LS to jj coupling	p. 271
Line strengths in intermediate coupling	p. 277
The forbidden lines of astrophysical interest	p. 282
Transformations in the Theory of Complex Spectra	p. 284
Configurations containing almost closed shells	p. 284
The transformation to LS coupling	p. 285
The transformation to jj coupling	p. 287
The transformation between zero-order states	p. 287
The transformation nlm[subscript s]m[subscript i] [left harpoon over right] nljm	p. 290
The transformation jjJM [left harpoon over right] SLJM	p. 291
Configurations Containing Almost Closed Shells. X-Rays	p. 295
The electrostatic energy in LS coupling	p. 295
The spin-orbit interaction	p. 299
Pure almost-closed-shell configurations	p. 300
The rare-gas spectra	p. 301
The configurations p[superscript 5]s and d[superscript 9]s	p. 304
The configuration p[superscript 5]p in the rare gases	p. 306
The configuration p[superscript 5]d in the rare gases	p. 312
Line strengths	p. 316
X-ray spectra	p. 316
Line strengths in X-ray spectra	p. 322
X-ray satellites	p. 323
Central Fields	p. 327
The periodic system	p. 327
The statistical method of Fermi-Thomas	p. 335
The Wentzel-Brillouin-Kramers approximation	p. 339
Numerical integration of the radial equation	p. 344
Normal state of helium	p. 345
Excited levels in helium	p. 348
Normal states of first-row atoms	p. 351
Hartree's self-consistent fields	p. 354
Survey of consistent-field results	p. 358
Self-consistent fields for oxygen	p. 362
Configuration Interaction	p. 365
Interaction of sd and p[superscript 2] in magnesium	p. 366
Perturbed series	p. 367
Auto-ionization	p. 369
Many-electron jumps	p. 375
Spin-orbit perturbation of doublet intensities	p. 376
The Zeeman Effect	p. 378
The 'normal' Zeeman effect	p. 378
The weak-field case: Russell-Saunders terms	p. 380
Weak fields: general case	p. 384
Intensities in the Zeeman pattern: weak fields	p. 386
The Paschen-Back effect	p. 388
The Paschen-Back effect: illustrative examples	p. 390
Quadrupole lines	p. 395
The Stark Effect	p. 397
Hydrogen	p. 398
Stark effect at the series limit	p. 404
General theory for non-hydrogenic atoms	p. 409
Helium	p. 413
Alkali metals	p. 415
The Nucleus in Atomic Spectra	p. 418
Effect of finite mass	p. 418
Local nuclear fields	p. 420
Nuclear spin in one-electron spectra	p. 421
The hyperfine structure of two-electron spectra	p. 424
Zeeman effect of hyperfine structure	p. 426
Universal Constants and Natural Atomic Units	p. 428
List of Principal Tables	p. 434
Index of Subjects	p. 435
Index of Names	p. 439
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

The Theory of Atomic Spectra

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