Foreword | p. xi |
Preface | p. xiii |
Abbreviations | p. xiv |
List of Cases | p. xvi |
Introduction | p. 1 |
The History of the International Code | p. 3 |
The Historical Development of the International Code | p. 5 |
Introduction | p. 5 |
Developments Between October 1979-May 1980 | p. 7 |
The preparation of the International Code | p. 8 |
The First Draft of the International Code | p. 8 |
Consultations on the First Draft | p. 10 |
The Second Draft of the International Code | p. 15 |
Action by the World Health Assembly in May 1980 | p. 15 |
Some Observations on the Process of the Preparation of the International Code | p. 17 |
Developments Between May 1980-January 1981 | p. 21 |
The Establishment of a Steering Committee and Drafting Group | p. 21 |
The Third Draft of the International Code | p. 23 |
The Consultations of August and September 1980 | p. 23 |
The Fourth Draft of the International Code | p. 25 |
The Legal Implications of an International Code as a Regulation and as a Recommendation | p. 26 |
Regulation | p. 27 |
Recommendation | p. 29 |
The Final Phase of the Preparation of the International Code (January-May 1981) | p. 30 |
The Action of the Executive Board in January 1981 | p. 30 |
Some Observations on the Process of the Preparation of the International Code Until January 1981 | p. 33 |
The Adoption of the International Code by the World Health Assembly in May 1981 | p. 38 |
Some Observations on the Adoption of the International Code by the World Health Assembly | p. 43 |
The International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes | p. 45 |
The Aim of the International Code | p. 47 |
The Protection and Promotion of Breast-feeding | p. 49 |
The Proper Use of Breast-milk Substitutes when Necessary | p. 54 |
Breast-feeding and HIV | p. 58 |
Breast-feeding and Emergencies | p. 62 |
Conclusion | p. 63 |
The Material Scope of the International Code | p. 66 |
Marketing and Practices Related Thereto | p. 67 |
Breast-milk Substitutes | p. 69 |
Milk Products, Foods and Beverages, including Bottle-fed Complementary Foods | p. 71 |
Feeding Bottles and Teats | p. 75 |
Quality of Products Covered by the International Code | p. 76 |
Availability of Products Covered by the International Code | p. 78 |
Information Concerning the Use of Products Covered by the International Code | p. 79 |
Definitions of the International Code | p. 82 |
Definitions | p. 82 |
Breast-milk Substitute | p. 84 |
Complementary Food | p. 85 |
Container | p. 85 |
Distributor | p. 86 |
Health Care System | p. 87 |
Health Worker | p. 87 |
Infant Formula | p. 88 |
Label | p. 88 |
Manufacturer | p. 89 |
Marketing | p. 89 |
Marketing Personnel | p. 90 |
Samples | p. 90 |
Supplies | p. 91 |
Conclusion | p. 92 |
Information and Education Under the Regime of the International Code | p. 95 |
Responsibility for the Provision of Information on Infant Feeding | p. 97 |
Informational and Educational Materials and their Contents | p. 101 |
Donations of Informational and Educational Equipment and Materials | p. 105 |
Advertising and Promotion of Products Covered by the Code | p. 111 |
Ban on Advertising and Other Forms of Promotion to the General Public | p. 114 |
Ban on the Giving of Samples | p. 119 |
Ban on Advertising, Promotion and the Giving of Samples at the Retail Level | p. 122 |
Ban on Gifts of Articles and Utensils | p. 124 |
Ban on Contacts between Marketing Personnel and Pregnant Women and Mothers | p. 126 |
The Position of the Health Care System Under the International Code | p. 129 |
Measures to Encourage and Promote Breast-feeding | p. 130 |
Information and Advice to Health Workers | p. 134 |
Ban on Promotion in the Health Care System | p. 135 |
Ban on Specific Aspects of Promotion in the Health Care System | p. 135 |
Personnel Provided or Paid for by Manufacturers or Distributors | p. 137 |
Demonstration of Feeding with Breast-milk Substitutes | p. 138 |
Donations or Low-price Sales of Supplies of Products Covered by the International Code | p. 139 |
The Supplies Should be Made to Institutions or Organizations | p. 140 |
Infants Who Have to be Fed on Breast-milk Substitutes | p. 142 |
Distribution of Supplies for Outside Use by Institutions or Organizations | p. 146 |
Supplies Should not be Used as Sales Inducement | p. 148 |
Supplies and the Infant Food Industry | p. 149 |
Dobnations of Equipment and Materials | p. 153 |
The Position of Health Workers Under the International Code | p. 155 |
Encouragement and Protection of Breast-feeding | p. 156 |
Scientific and Factual Information Relating to Products Covered by the International Code | p. 159 |
Financial or Material Inducements to Health Workers or their Families | p. 162 |
Ban on Samples, Equipment and Utensils to Health Workers | p. 167 |
Disclosure of Contributions to Fellowships, Study Tours, Research Grants and Conference Attendance | p. 169 |
Company Employees | p. 174 |
Sales Incentives | p. 175 |
Educational Functions by Marketing Personnel | p. 176 |
Labelling | p. 180 |
Points to be Included in the Label | p. 181 |
Important Notice | p. 183 |
Superiority of Breast-feeding | p. 183 |
Use of Breast-milk Substitutes on the Health Worker's Advice | p. 184 |
Instructions for Appropriate Preparation of Breast-milk Substitutes and Warning of Health Hazards | p. 185 |
The Use of the Term ôInfant Formulaö | p. 186 |
Ban on Pictures or Texts in the Label | p. 187 |
Food Products not Suitable as Breast-milk Substitutes | p. 190 |
Composition, Storage, Batch Number and Expiry Date of Breast-milk Substitutes | p. 191 |
Quality of Food Products Covered by the International Code | p. 194 |
Codex Standards and the Code of Hygienic Practice for Foods for Infants and Children | p. 194 |
Implementation of the International Code | p. 199 |
Is Implementation of the International Code Compulsory? | p. 200 |
The Extent of Implementation of the International Code | p. 209 |
Partial Implementation of the International Code | p. 211 |
Modes of Implementation of the International Code | p. 213 |
Legislation | p. 213 |
Regulations | p. 214 |
Other Suitable Measures | p. 215 |
Voluntary Agreements | p. 216 |
The Advantages of Proper Implementation of the International Code | p. 219 |
The Disadvantages of Non-implementation | p. 223 |
Monitoring of the International Code | p. 224 |
State Monitoring | p. 225 |
Collective Monitoring | p. 227 |
Self-monitoring by Industry | p. 230 |
The Role of NGOs, Groups, Institutions and Individuals in Monitoring | p. 233 |
Conclusions | p. 237 |
Appendices | p. 241 |
The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes | p. 242 |
Relevant Resolutions of the World Health Assembly | p. 252 |
Bibliography | p. 301 |
Books | p. 301 |
Articles and Documents | p. 302 |
Index | p. 305 |
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