The Woomera Manual on the International Law of Military Space Operations

Hon. Vickie Chapman: Foreword Preface Introduction Methodology of the Woomera Manual Overview of the Space Law Regime Note on Legal Connections Between States and a Space Object Note on Outer Space vs Airspace (Delimitation of Outer Space) PART I: MILITARY SPACE ACTIVITIES DURING PEACETIME Introduction Section 1: Freedoms and Restrictions Related to the Use of Outer Space Rule 1 - Freedom of Use, Access, Exploration, and Scientific Investigation and Principles of Cooperation Rule 2 - Non-Appropriation of Outer Space and Celestial Bodies Rule 3 - Peaceful Purposes in Outer Space Rule 4 - Restrictions on Specified Military Establishments and Activities on Celestial Bodies Rule 5 - Weapons of Mass Destruction Rule 6 - Military Space Activities and Intelligence Collection Rule 7 - Jurisdiction Rule 8 - Registration of Space Objects Rule 9 - Ownership of Space Objects Section 2: Responsibility and Liability Rule 10 - Responsibility of States for National Activities in Outer Space Rule 11 - Responsibility of International Organizations Rule 12 - International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects Section 3: Other Obligations Rule 13 - Astronauts and Personnel of a Spacecraft Rule 14 - Avoidance of Harmful Contamination Rule 15 - Visits to Facilities on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies Part II: MILITARY SPACE ACTIVITIES DURING TIMES OF TENSION AND CRISIS Introduction Section 1: Legal Obligations and Prohibitions of Particular Relevance During Times of Tension and Crisis Rule 16 - Zones Rule 17 - Due Regard Rule 18 - Harmful Interference Rule 19 - ITU Harmful Radio Interference Rule 20 - Non-Intervention Principle Rule 21 - Use of Force Rule 22 - Threat of Force Rule 23 - Armed Attack Section 2: Response Actions Rule 24 - Retorsion Rule 25 - Countermeasures Rule 26 - Self-Defence Rule 27 - Collective Self-Defence Rule 28 - Collective Security Measures PART III: MILITARY SPACE OPERATIONS DURING ARMED CONFLICT Introduction: Space, the Law of Armed Conflict, and General Protection from Hostilities Section 1: Characterization of Armed Conflict Rule 29 - International Armed Conflict Rule 30 - Non-International Armed Conflict Section 2: Conduct in or Related to Attack Rule 31 - Attack Rule 32 - Distinction Rule 33 - Direct Participation in Hostilities Rule 34 - Military Objectives Rule 35 - Medical Units and Religious Personnel Section 3: Precautions in Attack Rule 36 - Verification Rule 37 - Choice of Means and Methods of Attack Rule 38 - Proportionality in Attack Rule 39 - Suspension or Cancellation of Attack Rule 40 - Warnings Rule 41 - Precautions against the Effects of Attack Section 4: Means and Methods of Warfare Rule 42 - Means and Methods of Warfare Generally Rule 43 - Natural Environment Rule 44 - Prohibition of Perfidy Rule 45 - Improper Use of Markings Section 5: Other Obligations Rule 46 - Constant Care Rule 47 - Belligerent Reprisals Rule 48 - Neutrality in Space