Preface | p. xiii |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Early Theories: Preformationism, Locke, and Rousseau | p. 3 |
Preformationism | p. 3 |
Locke's Environmentalism | p. 6 |
Rousseau's Romantic Naturalism | p. 12 |
Gesell's Maturational Theory | p. 22 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 22 |
Principles of Development | p. 23 |
Philosophy of Child Rearing | p. 29 |
Evaluation | p. 31 |
Ethological Theories: Darwin, Lorenz and Tinbergen, and Bowlby and Ainsworth | p. 35 |
Darwin and the Theory of Evolution | p. 35 |
Modern Ethology: Lorenz and Tinbergen | p. 39 |
Bowlby and Ainsworth on Human Attachment | p. 47 |
Evaluation | p. 67 |
Montessori's Educational Philosophy | p. 71 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 71 |
Theory of Development | p. 72 |
Early Education in the Home | p. 76 |
The Montessori School | p. 77 |
Evaluation | p. 89 |
Werner's Organismic and Comparative Theory | p. 93 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 93 |
Werner's View of Development | p. 95 |
Some Comparative Studies | p. 100 |
Symbol Formation: An Organismic View | p. 105 |
Theoretical Issues | p. 108 |
Practical Applications | p. 112 |
Evaluation | p. 115 |
Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental Theory | p. 118 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 118 |
Overview of the Theory | p. 120 |
Period I. Sensorimotor Intelligence (Birth to 2 Years) | p. 122 |
Periods II and III. Preoperational Thought (2 to 7 Years) and Concrete Operations (7 to 11 Years) | p. 127 |
Period IV. Formal Operations (11 Years to Adulthood) | p. 138 |
Theoretical Issues | p. 140 |
Implications for Education | p. 143 |
Evaluation | p. 147 |
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development | p. 157 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 157 |
Piaget's Stages of Moral Judgment | p. 158 |
Kohlberg's Method | p. 159 |
Kohlberg's Six Stages | p. 160 |
Theoretical Issues | p. 166 |
Gilligan on the Feminine Voice | p. 174 |
Implications for Education | p. 176 |
Evaluation | p. 179 |
Learning Theory: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner | p. 180 |
Pavlov and Classical Conditioning | p. 180 |
Watson | p. 183 |
Skinner and Operant Conditioning | p. 187 |
Evaluation | p. 201 |
Bandura's Social Learning Theory | p. 204 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 204 |
Basic Concepts | p. 205 |
Socialization Studies | p. 208 |
Self-lifftcacy | p. 213 |
Abstract Modeling and Piaget's Stages | p. 215 |
Practical Implications | p. 219 |
Evaluation | p. 221 |
Vygotsky's Social-Historical Theory of Cognitive Development | p. 224 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 224 |
Marx's Views on Human Nature | p. 226 |
Vygotsky'a Theory of Psychological Tools | p. 228 |
Memory Aids | p. 232 |
Speech | p. 232 |
Play | p. 239 |
Schooling | p. 240 |
Practical Applications | p. 245 |
Evaluation | p. 248 |
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory | p. 253 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 253 |
The Stages of Psychosexual Development | p. 256 |
The Agencies of the Mind | p. 268 |
Practical Implications | p. 276 |
Evaluation | p. 277 |
Erikson and the Eight Stages of Life | p. 281 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 281 |
Erikson's Stage Theory | p. 282 |
Theoretical Issues | p. 297 |
Practical Implications | p. 302 |
Evaluation | p. 304 |
Mahler's Separation/Individuation Theory | p. 306 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 306 |
Overview of Concepts and Methods | p. 307 |
Phases of Normal Development | p. 309 |
Practical Applications | p. 315 |
Evaluation | p. 316 |
A Case Study in Psychoanalytic Treatment: Bettelheim on Autism | p. 320 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 320 |
The Autistic Syndrome | p. 321 |
Therapy | p. 322 |
Evaluation | p. 327 |
Schachtel on Childhood Experiences | p. 329 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 329 |
Basic Concepts | p. 329 |
Implications for Education | p. 333 |
Evaluation | p. 334 |
Jung's Theory of Adulthood | p. 338 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 338 |
Personality Structure | p. 341 |
Theory of Development | p. 344 |
Practical Implications | p. 348 |
Evaluation | p. 349 |
Chomsky's Theory of Language Development | p. 351 |
Biographical Introduction | p. 351 |
Basic Concepts | p. 352 |
Notes on the Growth of Grammar | p. 358 |
Chomsky and Learning Theory | p. 362 |
Chomsky and Piaget | p. 368 |
Implications for Education | p. 369 |
Evaluation | p. 371 |
Conclusion: Humanistic Psychology and Developmental Theory | p. 373 |
Humanistic Psychology | p. 373 |
Developmentalists as Humanists | p. 379 |
Epilogue: A Developmental Perspective on the Standards Movement | p. 385 |
References | p. 396 |
Name Index | p. 417 |
Subject Index | p. 423 |
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