Three Genres

CONTENTS Preface for Students Preface for Teachers Part I: TELLING A STORY: LITERARY NONFICTION AND FICTION A. Literary Nonfiction 1. Literary Nonfiction: An Overview 2. True Experience 3. Nonfiction in a Reflective Mood 4. Impressions of a Real Place 5. "Westbury Court": Literary Nonfiction by Edwidge Danticat 6. Creating Your Own Literary Nonfiction B. Fiction 7. Fiction: The Freedom to Invent 8. Finding and Shaping Fresh Material 9. "Escapes": A Story by Ann Hood 10. Viewpoint: Who's Seeing This? 11. "Rwanda": A Story by Stephen Minot 12. The Making of a Story 13. Structure: From Scenes to Plot 14. "A Simple Matter of Hunger": A Story by Sharon Oard Warner 15. Creating Tension 16. Setting: Where am I? 17. "Obst Vw" A Story by Sharon Solwitz 18. Dialogue: The Illusion of Speech 19. Characterization: Creating Credible People 20. Liberating the Imagination 21. Three Flashes of Fiction: "The Bank Robbery": A Story by Steven Schutzman "Stockings": A Story by Tim O'Brien "Girl": A Story by Jamaica Kincaid 22. Heightened Meaning: Metaphor, Symbol, and Theme 23. "Gotta Dance": A Story by Jackson Jodie Daviss 24. Style and Tone 25. Five Ways to Open Up a Story 26. Troubleshooting Guide: Fiction PART II: THE WRITING OF POETRY 27. What Makes a Poem a Poem? 28. Plunging In: A Selection of Poems Robert Frost, "Design" John Updike, "Winter Ocean" William Stafford, "Traveling through the Dark" Carol Oles, "The Gift" Molly Peacock, "Anger Sweetened" William Shakespeare, "Sonnet 29" Lucille Clifton, "What the Mirror Said" Chora, "After Spring" Etheridge Knight, "Haiku" Clement Long, "Always the One Who Loves His Father Most" Maya Angelou, "This Winter Day" Barbara Howes, " The Bay at West Falmouth" Robley Wilson, "On a Maine Beach" James Bertram, "Is it Well-Lighted, Papa?" Theodore Roethke, "The Waking" Philip Appleman, "Coast to Coast" E.E. Cummings, "Buffalo Bill's" Maxine Kumin, "Morning Swim" Rhina Espaillat, "Bilingual/Bilingue" Craig Raine, "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" Richard Wilbur, "The Pardon" Nikki Giovanni, "Balances" Chase Twichell, "Rhymes for Old Age" Donald Hall, "Names of Horses" Joy Harjo, "She Had Some Horses" Naomi Shihab Nye, "Famous" Stephen Dunn, "A Secret Life" Dorothy Barresi, "Mystery" Theodore Deppe, "The Paradise of Wings" Thomas McGrath, "Nuclear Winter" Anita Endrezze, "The Mapmaker's Daughter" 29. Sources: Where Poems Come From 30. The Impact of Images 31. Using the Sound of Language 32. Traditional Rhythms 33. Stanzas: a Choice of Fixed Forms 34. Free Verse: Creating Unique Forms 35. A Sense of Order 36. Varieties of Tone 37. Finding the Form: A Revision Narrative with Exercises Diane Thiel, "Memento Mori in Middle School" 38. Poems for Self-study Paula Gunn Allen, "Grandmother" Joseph Bruchac, "Indian Country Again" Christopher Buckley, "Intransitive" Andrea Hollander Budy, "Burning the Letters" David Curry, "To Those Who Are Programming Computers to Produce Poetry" Jim Daniels, "Short-order Cook" Dana Gioia, "California Hills in August" R.S. Gwynn, "Shakespearean Sonnet" Judy Kronenfield, "Maiden Voyages" April Linder, "Dog Bite" Rita Marie Martinez, "Going Bananas" Edna St. Vincent Millay, "What Lips My Lips Have Kissed" Maurya Simon, "The Afterlife" Pireeni Sundara lingham, "Lot's Wives" Jenniver Tseng, "Autobiography of an Immigrant" Carolyn Beard Whitlow, "Rockin' a Man Stone Blind" David Young, "Love Song for Chloe" 39. Troubleshooting Guide: Poetry PART III: THE WRITING OF DRAMA 40. Drama: A Live Performance 41. A Play by William Saroyan: "Hello Out There" 42. The Dramatic Plot 43. A Play by Tony Padilla: "Reckoning" 44. Conflict: Emotional Impact 45. A Play by Glenn Alterman, "Coulda, Woulda, Shoulda" 46. The Nonrealistic Play 47. Dramatic Characterization 48. Visual Impact 49. The Voices of Comedy 50. Dramatic Themes 51. Five Dramatic Exercises 52. Troubleshooting Guide: Drama APPENDICES A. Submitting Work for Publication B. Resources for Writers CREDITS INDEX OF AUTHORS AND TITLES GLOSSARY-INDEX