Time Domain Electromagnetics

By: Sadasiva M. Rao (Editor), E. K. Miller (Introduction by)

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Paperback | 1 June 1999

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388 Pages

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Time Domain Electromagnetics deals with a specific technique in electromagnetics within the general area of electrical engineering. This mathematical method has become a standard for a wide variety of applications for design and problem solving. This method of analysis in electromagnetics is directly related to advances in cellular and mobile communications technology, as well as traditional EM areas such as radar, antennas, and wave propagation. Most of the material is available in the research journals which is difficult for a non-specialist to locate, read, understand, and effectively use for the problem at hand.

Only book currently available to practicing engineers and research scientists exclusively devoted to this subject
Includes contributions by the world's leading experts in electromagnetics
Presents the most popular methods used in time domain analysis are included at one place with thorough discussion of the methods in an easily understandable style
In each chapter, many simple and practical examples are discussed thoroughly to illustrate the salient points of the material presented
All chapters are written in a consistent style that allows the book to be of use for self-study by professionals as well as for use in a graduate-level course in electrical engineering

Industry Reviews

"The textbook describes the use of existing direct time domain methods for calculating electromagnetic scattering/interaction phenomenon. Consisting of nine chapters, the first half of the book deals with the solution of integral equations, while the second part examines the differential equation methods. Familiarity with Maxwell's equations is assumed. No exercises are included." -- Copyright (c) 1999 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR All rights reserved Book News, Inc.(R), Portland, OR

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Non-Fiction Science Physics Electricity Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communications Engineering Communications Engineering & Telecommunications Energy Technology & Engineering Electrical Engineering Other Technologies & Applied Sciences Applied Optics Fibre Optics

Mathematics Calculus & Mathematical Analysis Differential Calculus & Equations

Preface	p. x
Acknowledgments	p. x
Contributors	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
An Initial Exploration of Time Domain Phenomena	p. 1
The Infinite-Length Wire Antenna	p. 2
The Finite-Length Wire Antenna	p. 4
The Finite-Length Wire Scatterer	p. 7
Late-Time Radiation from an Impulsively Excited Perfect Conductor	p. 9
Some Special Capabilities of Time Domain Models	p. 10
Modeling Chocies in CEM	p. 11
Why Model in the Time Domain?	p. 13
Evolution of Time Domain Modeling	p. 13
Some General References	p. 14
General Aspects of Time Domain Modeling	p. 15
Model Development	p. 15
Explicit vs Implicit Solution	p. 15
Excitation Requirements	p. 16
TD Solution	p. 16
Time Domain Integral Equation Modeling	p. 17
Some Representative TDIEs	p. 17
A Prototype TDIE Model	p. 18
Alternate Forms for a TDIE Solution	p. 19
Excitation of a TDIE Model	p. 20
Physical Implication of a TDIE Explicit Model	p. 21
A Near-Neighbor TD Approximation	p. 22
Time Domain Differential Equation Modeling	p. 23
Space-Time Sampling of TDDE	p. 23
Some Spatial-Mesh Alternatives	p. 25
Mesh Closure Conditions	p. 28
Handling Small Features in DE Models	p. 31
Obtaining Far Fields from DE Models	p. 32
Variations of TDDE Models	p. 32
Comparison of TDDE and TDIE Models	p. 33
Specific Issues Related to Time Domain Modeling	p. 35
Increasing the Stability of the Time-Stepping Solution	p. 35
Exploiting EM Singularities	p. 36
Signal Processing as a Part of TD Modeling	p. 36
Total-Field and Scattered-Field Formulations	p. 38
Handling Frequency Dispersion and Loading in TD Models	p. 38
Handling Medium and Component Nonlinearities or Time Variations in TD Models	p. 39
Hybrid TD Models	p. 40
The Concept of Pseudo-Time in Iterative FD Solutions	p. 41
Exploiting Symmetries in TD Modeling	p. 41
Concluding Remarks	p. 42
Acknowledgments	p. 42
Bibliography	p. 42
Wire Structures: TDIE Solution	p. 49
Basic Analysis	p. 50
Analysis of a Straight Wire	p. 52
Method of Moments Solution	p. 53
Conjugate Gradient Method Solution	p. 55
Numerical Example	p. 57
Analysis of an Arbitrary Wire	p. 57
Moment Method Solution	p. 59
Conjugate Gradient Method	p. 62
Numerical Examples	p. 63
Implicit Solution Scheme	p. 65
Application to Arbitrary Wire	p. 66
Numerical Implementation	p. 66
Numerical Examples	p. 68
Analysis of Multiple Wires and Wire Junctions	p. 70
Concluding Remarks	p. 72
Bibliography	p. 72
Infinite Conducting Cylinders: TDIE Solution	p. 75
Integral Equation Formulation	p. 76
Discretization Scheme	p. 77
TM Incidence: EFIE Formulation	p. 79
Explicit Solution Procedure	p. 79
Implicit Solution Procedure	p. 81
Numerical Examples	p. 82
TE Incidence: EFIE Formulation	p. 85
Explicit Solution Procedure	p. 85
Implicit Solution Procedure	p. 88
Numerical Examples	p. 89
TE Incidence: HFIE Formulation	p. 91
Explicit Solution Procedure	p. 91
Implicit Solution Procedure	p. 93
Numerical Examples	p. 93
Concluding Remarks	p. 94
Bibliography	p. 95
Finite Conducting Bodies: TDIE Solution	p. 97
Integral Equation Formulation	p. 97
Numerical Solution Scheme	p. 99
Explicit Numerical Method	p. 101
Implicit Numerical Method	p. 104
Efficiency Considerations	p. 106
Numerical Examples	p. 107
Far-Scattered Fields	p. 111
Numerical Examples	p. 112
Near-Scattered Fields	p. 115
Extrapolation of Time Domain Response	p. 118
Matrix Pencil Method	p. 120
Total Least Squares Matrix Pencil	p. 122
Numerical Examples	p. 123
Concluding Remarks	p. 128
Bibliography	p. 128
Dielectric Bodies: TDIE Solution	p. 131
Integral Equation Formulation	p. 131
Two-Dimensional Cylinders	p. 134
Numerical Solution Procedure	p. 135
Numerical Examples	p. 138
Three-Dimensional Bodies	p. 140
Numerical Solution Procedure	p. 140
Far-Scattered Fields	p. 144
Numerical Examples	p. 146
Concluding Remarks	p. 147
Bibliography	p. 149
Finite-Difference Time Domain Method	p. 151
Introduction to FDTD	p. 151
Pulse Propagation in a Lossy, Inhomogeneous, Layered Medium	p. 153
Propagation of Half-Sine Pulse	p. 159
Remote Sensing of Inhomogeneous, Lossy, Layered Media	p. 164
Profile Inversion Results	p. 166
Key Elements of FDTD Modeling Theory	p. 168
FDTD Formulation for Two-Dimensional Closed-Region Problems	p. 171
FDTD Formulation for TM and TE Cases	p. 172
Hollow Rectangular Waveguide	p. 176
Dielectric Slab-Loaded Rectangular Waveguide	p. 181
Shielded Microstrip Lines	p. 183
FDTD Formulation for Two-Dimensional Open-Region Problems	p. 184
Absorbing Radiation Boundary Condition	p. 186
Second-Order Radiation Boundary Condition	p. 187
Plane Wave Source Condition	p. 191
Near- to Far-Field Transformation	p. 195
FDTD Modeling of Curved Surfaces	p. 199
Perfectly Conducting Object: The TE Case	p. 200
Perfectly Conducting Object: The TM Case	p. 204
Homogeneous Dielectric Object: The TE Case	p. 206
FDTD Formulation for Three-Dimensional Closed-Region Problems	p. 209
Three-Dimensional Full-Wave Analysis	p. 210
Compact Two-Dimensional FDTD Algorithm	p. 214
Evaluation of Dispersion Characteristics	p. 219
FDTD Formulation for Three-Dimensional Open-Region Problems	p. 221
Second-Order Radiation Boundary Condition	p. 222
Three-Dimensional Plane Wave Source Condition	p. 226
Near- to Far-Field Transformation for the Three-Dimensional Case	p. 229
RCS of a Flat-Plate Scatterer	p. 231
Computer Resources and Modeling Implications	p. 232
Concluding Remarks	p. 233
Acknowledgments	p. 234
Bibliography	p. 234
Transmission Line Modeling Method	p. 237
The Two-Dimensional TLM	p. 238
Time Domain Wave Equation	p. 238
Time Domain Transmission Line Equation	p. 239
Equating Maxwell's and the Circuit Equations	p. 242
General Scattering Matrix Theory	p. 243
Applying Scattering Theory to the Free-Space Shunt T-Line	p. 244
Modeling Inhomogeneous Lossy Media	p. 246
Excitation of the TLM Mesh and Metallic Boundaries	p. 248
TLM Mesh Truncation Conditions	p. 250
Discretization of the TLM Spatial Grid	p. 253
TLM Output	p. 256
The Series Node and Duality	p. 258
Outline of the Algorithm for Two-Dimensional TLM Code	p. 260
Three-Dimensional TLM	p. 261
Special Features in TLM	p. 266
Frequency-Dependent Material	p. 266
Alternative Meshing Schemes	p. 267
Numerical Examples	p. 269
Antenna Array	p. 269
Electromagnetic Scattering	p. 272
Concluding Remarks	p. 273
Bibliography	p. 274
Finite-Element Time Domain Method	p. 279
Introduction	p. 279
Incident Field	p. 281
Transverse Magnetic Case	p. 282
Formulation	p. 283
Finite-Element Procedure	p. 286
Time-Stepping Procedure	p. 288
Numerical Results	p. 290
Transverse Electric Case	p. 295
Formulation	p. 296
Finite-Element Procedure	p. 298
Time-Stepping Procedure	p. 299
Numerical Results	p. 300
Concluding Remarks	p. 304
Bibliography	p. 305
Finite-Volume Time Domain Method	p. 307
Maxwell's Equations as a Hyperbolic Conservative System	p. 308
The Conservative Form of Maxwell's Equations	p. 310
Characteristics and Wavefront Propagation	p. 312
An Elementary Form of the Finite-Volume Method	p. 314
Finite-Volume Discretization of Maxwell's Equations	p. 319
Spatial Discretizations	p. 319
Temporal Discretization	p. 331
Consistency and Stability	p. 333
Hybridization of the FVTD Method with Other Models and Methods	p. 338
Thin-Wire Models in the FVTD Method	p. 339
Hybridization of the FVTD and the FDTD Methods	p. 344
Another Approach of the Finite-Volume Approach	p. 350
Numerical Examples	p. 357
Dielectric Structures	p. 357
Thin Screens with Finite Conductivity	p. 359
Thin Wires	p. 361
Concluding Remarks	p. 363
Acknowledgments	p. 365
Bibliography	p. 365
Index	p. 369
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Time Domain Electromagnetics

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