| List of Illustrations | p. xi |
| Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
| An Overview Of The Institutional Analysis And Development (IAD)Framework | p. 1 |
| Understanding the Diversity of Structured Human Interactions | p. 3 |
| Diversity: A Core Problem in Understanding Institutions | p. 4 |
| Is There an Underlying Set of Universal Building Blocks? | p. 5 |
| Holons: Nested Part-Whole Units of Analysis | p. 11 |
| Action Arenas as Focal Units of Analysis | p. 13 |
| Zooming Out to an Overview of the IAD Framework | p. 15 |
| Viewing Action Arenas as Dependent Variables | p. 16 |
| Institutional Frameworks, Theories, and Models | p. 27 |
| The Limited Frame of This Book | p. 29 |
| Zooming In and Linking Action Situations | p. 32 |
| An Action Situation as a Focal Unit of Analysis | p. 32 |
| Example of a Simple Action Situation | p. 35 |
| The Basic Working Parts of Action Situations | p. 37 |
| Linking Action Arenas | p. 55 |
| Predicting Outcomes | p. 64 |
| Evaluating Outcomes | p. 66 |
| Studying Action Situations in the Lab | p. 69 |
| The Trust Game in the Experimental Laboratory | p. 70 |
| A Commons Dilemma in the Experimental Laboratory | p. 78 |
| Structural Changes in the Laboratory | p. 85 |
| Replications and Extensions of Commons Dilemma Experiments | p. 93 |
| Conclusions | p. 97 |
| Animating Institutional Analysis | p. 99 |
| Animating Open, Competitive Processes | p. 100 |
| The Challenge of Imperfect Information | p. 101 |
| Assumptions Used in Animating Participants | p. 103 |
| Variety and Complexity: An Asset or a Liability? | p. 116 |
| A Focus on Collective Action to Overcome Social Dilemmas | p. 119 |
| Norms Fostering Collective Action | p. 121 |
| Emergence and Survival of Norms in Evolutionary Processes | p. 125 |
| Conclusion | p. 131 |
| Focusing On Rules | p. 135 |
| A Grammar of Institutions, Sue Crawford and Elinor Ostrom | p. 137 |
| Parsing Institutional Statements | p. 137 |
| The Syntax of a Grammar of Institutions | p. 139 |
| The Syntax Components | p. 140 |
| Applying the Grammar | p. 152 |
| Using the Grammar in Empirical Field Research | p. 171 |
| Some Next Steps | p. 173 |
| Why Classify Generic Rules? | p. 175 |
| Solving Babbling Equilibrium Problems | p. 176 |
| The Policy Analyst 's Need to Understand How to Reform Situations | p. 180 |
| Moving beyond Slogan Words to Describe Institutions | p. 181 |
| Coping with the Immense Diversity by Identifying Generic Rules | p. 181 |
| The Role of Rules as Information Transformation Mechanisms | p. 184 |
| An Underlying Universality? | p. 185 |
| Classifying Rules, Elinor Ostrom and Sue Crawford | p. 186 |
| The Horizontal Approach: Classifying by the A I M of a Rule | p. 187 |
| Position Rules | p. 193 |
| Boundary Rules | p. 194 |
| Choice Rules | p. 200 |
| Aggregation Rules | p. 202 |
| Information Rules | p. 206 |
| Payoff Rules | p. 207 |
| Scope Rules | p. 208 |
| Default Conditions: What Happens if No Rules Exist Related to Components of an Action Situation? | p. 210 |
| The Vertical Approach: Operational, Collective-Choice, and Constitutional-Choice Levels of Analysis | p. 214 |
| Using Rules as Tools to Change Outcomes | p. 215 |
| Working With Rules | p. 217 |
| Using Rules as Tools to Cope with the Commons | p. 219 |
| Field Research on Common-Pool Resources | p. 221 |
| What Rules Are Found in Self-Organized Common-Pool Resource Regimes? | p. 222 |
| Contemporary Approaches to Resource Policy | p. 236 |
| Coping with Complexity: A General Problem | p. 242 |
| Changing Rules as an Adaptive Process | p. 243 |
| Theoretical Puzzles | p. 251 |
| Summing Up | p. 253 |
| Robust Resource Governance in Polycentric Institutions | p. 255 |
| Design Principles and Robust Social-Ecological Systems | p. 258 |
| Threats to Robust Governance of Common-Pool Resources | p. 271 |
| Modest Coping Methods for Dealing with Threats to Sustainability | p. 279 |
| The Advantage and Limits of Polycentric Systems in Coping with Design and Long-Term Sustainability of Systems | p. 281 |
| The Capabilities of Polycentric Systems in Coping with Tragedies of the Commons | |
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