Understanding Nuclear Reactors Global Warming and the Hydrogen Strategy

1. Introduction and Prelude 1.1: Global Warming 1.2: Capacity Factors 1.3: Welcome to the Nuclear Age 1.4: The First Electricity Producing Reactors 1.5: The Prelude 2. Fundamental Nuclear Physics 2.1: The Pauli Exclusion Principle 2.2: Nuclear Forces 2.3: Nuclear Reactions 2.4: Energy and Mass Units 2.5: Photons 2.6: Antimatter, Pair Production, and Annihilation 2.7: Mass Defects, Q Values, and Cross-Sections 2.8: Cross-Sections 2.9: The Discovery of Radioactivity 2.10: The General Characteristics of Radioactivity 2.11: Gamma Decay 2.12: Spontaneous Fission 3. Basic Quantum Theory 3.1: Skip this Chapter if you Wish 3.2: The Uncertainty Principle 3.3: The Theoretical Treatment of Nuclear Physics 3.4: Atomic Spectra and Quantum Numbers 3.5: Sommerfeld's Contribution 3.6: Pauli's Contribution 3.7: Spin and Parity 3.8: Alpha Decay 3.9: Beta Decay and the Story of the Neutrino 3.10: The Discovery of the Neutron 3.11: Quantum Theory and Beyond 4. The Story of E = MC2 and Relativity 4.1: The Unification of Electricity and Magnetism 4.2: Relative Motion 4.3: Einstein's Theory 4.4: Standards of Mass, Length, and Time 5. The Fission Process and the Characteristics of Fission 5.1: The Discovery of Fission 5.2: Niels Bohr and Copenhagen 5.3: The Fission Process 5.4: Neutron Interactions 5.5: The Fate of Gamma Rays 5.6: Fission Fragments 5.7: Delayed Neutrons 5.8: The Energy of Fission 5.9: Decay Heat 5.10: The Chain Reaction 6. Nuclear Reactors in General 6.1: Nuclear Reactor Calculations 6.2: The Growth of the Neutron Population 6.3: The Six Factor Formula 6.4: The Effect of Delayed Neutrons on Reactor Control 6.5: Reactivity 6.6: Monte Carlo Models 6.7: Nuclear Reactor Operations 6.8: Fuel 6.9: Moderators 6.10: Coolants 6.11: Poisons 6.12: Control Poisons 6.13: Unavoidable Poisons 6.14: Burnable Poisons 6.15: Engineering Materials 6.16: The Fast Reactor 6.17: Hybrid Reactors 7. Reactor Operations and Control 7.1: Controlling Reactors to Keep them Safe 7.2: The First Reactors 7.3: Reactor CP1 7.4: Controlling Commercial Reactors 7.5: The Reactor Pressure Vessel 7.6: The Reactor Coolant Pump 7.7: The Pressuriser 7.8: The Steam Generator 7.9: The Boron Loading Loop 7.10: Power Measurement 7.11: The Fuel Temperature Coefficient (FTC) 7.12: The Moderator Temperature Coefficient (MTC) 7.13: The Void Coefficient 7.14: Changes In Steam Demand 7.15: Control Room Operations 8. Safety 8.1: Safety, Risk, and Consequences 8.2: The Regulators 8.3: Decay Heat Removal 8.4: Loss of Coolant 8.5: Passive Safety Measures 8.6: The Windscale Fire 8.7: Brown's Ferry 8.8: Three Mile Island 8.9: Chernobyl 1986 8.10: Problems in the Fukushima Region of Japan 8.11: Safety Overview 8.12: Understanding the Health Hazard of Radiation 9. The Nuclear Fuel Cycle 9.1: The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Definition 9.2: Mining 9.3: Enrichment 9.4: Fuel Fabrication 9.5: Spent Fuel Management 9.6: Spent Fuel Ponds 9.7: Cherenkov Radiation 9.8: Reprocessing 9.9: Nuclear Waste 10. International Treaties and Obligations 10.1: Euratom 10.2: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, NPT 10.3: The International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA 10.4: Nuclear Safeguards 10.5: Obligations 11. The Future of Fission Reactors and Fusion 11.1: The Alternatives to Fossil Fuel 11.2: Generation IV Technology 11.3: The Move to Higher Temperatures 11.4: The Move to Fast Reactors 11.5: The Move to SMRs and AMRs 11.6: Plutonium Breeding 11.7: Thorium Breeding 11.8: New Coolants 11.9: Molten Salts 11.10: New Types of Fuel 11.11: Burning Waste and Using the Minor Actinides as Fuel 11.12: New Reprocessing Technology 11.13: The Economics and Politics of Electricity Generation 11.14: The Utilisation of E = MC2 12. Nuclear Fusion 12.1: The Fusion Process 12.2: Producing Fusion in the Laboratory 12.3: ITER 12.4: MAST and STEP 12.5: The Fuel for Fusion 12.6: The Tritium Breeding Ratio, TBR 12.7: Venture Capital 12.8: The Conclusion on Fusion 13. The Hydrogen Strategy 13.1: The Basic Properties of Hydrogen 13.2: The Production of Hydrogen 13.3: Carbon Capture 13.4: Energy Storage 13.5: New Markets for Hydrogen 13.6: Hydrogen in the Colours of the Rainbow 13.7: The Race to Deliver Net Zero Free