Dedication | p. v |
Foreword | p. vii |
Preface | p. ix |
Acknowledgments | p. xi |
Reviewers | p. xiii |
Reviewed Journals and Texts | p. xv |
How to Use This Text | p. xxi |
Upper Cervical Anatomy/Biomechanics | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Osteology | p. 1 |
Ligaments | p. 3 |
Muscles | p. 5 |
Coupled Motion | p. 8 |
Functions of the Spine | p. 8 |
Occipito-Atlanto-Axial Range of Motion | p. 10 |
Joint Friction | p. 22 |
Spinal Alignment | p. 23 |
Occipito-Atlanto-Axial Asymmetry | p. 25 |
Cervical Disc | p. 28 |
Neural Canal Capacity | p. 29 |
Occipito-Atlanto-Axial Alignment and the Cervical Curve | p. 29 |
Sagittal Cervical Correction | p. 33 |
Subluxation Etiology | p. 36 |
Cervical Acceleration-Deceleration Trauma | p. 38 |
Vertebral Arteries | p. 45 |
Introduction | p. 45 |
Medical Iatrogenesis | p. 45 |
Anatomy and Hemodynamics | p. 49 |
Cervical Biomechanics and Vertebral Artery Dysfunction | p. 50 |
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | p. 53 |
Ponticulus Posterior | p. 56 |
Upper Cervical Neurology | p. 59 |
Introduction | p. 59 |
Spinal Cord Anatomy | p. 59 |
Spinal Cord Tension | p. 60 |
Mechanoreceptive Dysafferentation | p. 61 |
Somatosensory Receptors | p. 61 |
Muscle Receptors | p. 63 |
Sensory Pathways | p. 64 |
Spinocerebellar Tracts | p. 65 |
Pain Pathways | p. 66 |
Efferent Outflow | p. 69 |
Nerve Root Irritation | p. 72 |
Dentate Ligament Cord Distortion Hypothesis | p. 75 |
Dentatotomy | p. 78 |
Spinal Cord Degeneration | p. 80 |
Dentate Ligament Strength | p. 81 |
Stress Patterns with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy | p. 81 |
Spinal Cord Ischemia | p. 83 |
Spinal Cord Circulation | p. 85 |
Tethering of the Central Nervous System | p. 86 |
Upper Cervical Attachment to the Spinal Cord | p. 88 |
Atrophy of Suboccipital Muscles | p. 93 |
Innervation of Spinal Dura | p. 95 |
Central Nervous System Histodynamics | p. 97 |
Spinothalamic Tract | p. 107 |
Mechanoreceptors of the Spine | p. 108 |
Cervical Muscle Spindles | p. 111 |
Cerebellar Dysfunction | p. 113 |
Cervical Afferents' Connection to Neuroaxis | p. 114 |
CNS Lesions/Dysfunction and Spinal Distortion | p. 124 |
Tonic Neck Reflexes | p. 126 |
Nerve Root Irritation | p. 128 |
Leg Length Inequality: Functional and Structural Aspects | p. 131 |
Introduction | p. 131 |
Biomechanics of Leg Length Inequality | p. 134 |
Leg Length Inequality and Scoliosis | p. 139 |
Pelvic Obliquity | p. 144 |
Scoliotic Reduction | p. 145 |
Leg Length Inequality and Physiology | p. 146 |
Leg Length Inequality and Low Back Pain | p. 150 |
X-ray Distortion of Femur Head Height | p. 155 |
Leg Check Reliability | p. 158 |
Functional Leg Check and Spinal Stress Testing | p. 161 |
Subluxation X-ray Analysis | p. 163 |
Introduction | p. 163 |
Reliability of X-ray Analysis | p. 165 |
Plane Line and Condylar/Axial Analysis Factors | p. 172 |
X-ray Geometry | p. 175 |
Computer-Aided Digitization | p. 179 |
Pre and Post X-ray Assessment | p. 182 |
X-ray and Nonradiographic Analyses | p. 183 |
Pre and Post X-ray Validity Studies | p. 185 |
Osseous Listing Stability | p. 188 |
Subluxation Pattern Population Study | p. 189 |
X-ray Safety and Quality | p. 190 |
Medical Case Studies | p. 192 |
Atlanto-Axial Rotatory Fixation | p. 199 |
Anterior Subluxation | p. 202 |
Chiropractic Assessments and Instrumentation | p. 205 |
Introduction | p. 205 |
Paraspinal Thermal Symmetry | p. 206 |
Thermography and Pain | p. 208 |
Thermocouple and Infrared Thermal Scanning | p. 212 |
Electromyography | p. 215 |
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials | p. 220 |
Palpation | p. 223 |
Reliability of Postural Analysis | p. 225 |
Postural Dysfunction | p. 228 |
Anterior Head Carriage | p. 231 |
Postural Stability | p. 233 |
Bilateral Weight Differential and the Anatometer | p. 235 |
Research Terminology and Methodology | p. 238 |
Low Back Pain/Dysfunction | p. 243 |
Introduction | p. 243 |
Upper Cervical Care | p. 246 |
Cervical-Back Connection | p. 249 |
Disc Dysfunction and Compression | p. 253 |
Subluxation, Headaches, and Cervicogenic Vertigo | p. 257 |
Introduction | p. 257 |
Headache Neurology | p. 258 |
Cervical Joint Dysfunction and Headaches | p. 263 |
Cervicogenic Headache | p. 268 |
Controlled and Uncontrolled Clinical Trials | p. 272 |
Prevalence of Headache | p. 277 |
Cervicogenic Vertigo | p. 279 |
Spinal Care and Cervicogenic Vertigo | p. 284 |
Subluxation and Pathophysiology | p. 287 |
Introduction | p. 287 |
Chiropractic Pediatric Care | p. 288 |
Hyperactivity: Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | p. 291 |
Infantile Colic and Breast-feeding | p. 296 |
Birth Trauma | p. 300 |
Otitis Media | p. 303 |
Quality of Life Enhancement | p. 307 |
Nervous System and Immune Function | p. 310 |
Spinal Afferentation and Sympathetic Stimulation | p. 315 |
Brain Function | p. 318 |
Neurological Disorders | p. 319 |
Trigeminal Neuralgia | p. 327 |
Posture and Health | p. 330 |
Athletic Performance | p. 331 |
Fibromyalgia | p. 334 |
Iatrogenesis | p. 338 |
Visual Disturbance | p. 339 |
Auditory Dysfunction | p. 345 |
Alimentary Dysfunction | p. 346 |
Cardiac Function and the Spine | p. 349 |
Pulmonary Function | p. 351 |
Autonomic Nervous System | p. 359 |
Upper Cervical Case Reports | p. 361 |
Introduction | p. 361 |
Cervical Disc Herniation | p. 362 |
Torticollis | p. 364 |
Shoulder and Arm Pain | p. 367 |
Lateral Cervical Curve Correction | p. 371 |
Headaches | p. 373 |
Low Back Pain | p. 376 |
Scoliosis | p. 386 |
Knee Pain | p. 388 |
Brain Function | p. 389 |
Neurological Disorders | p. 391 |
Hyperactivity | p. 404 |
Skin Disorders | p. 404 |
Asthma | p. 405 |
Digestive Disorders | p. 407 |
Other Conditions | p. 409 |
Literature Review | p. 415 |
Validity of Case Reports | p. 416 |
Appendices | |
Introduction | p. 417 |
Specific Upper Cervical Adjusting | p. 419 |
Subluxation Listing Conversion | p. 419 |
Mastoid Support and Biomechanics of the Adjustment | p. 422 |
Adjustive Forces | p. 424 |
Table-Mounted Adjusting Instruments | p. 429 |
Nasium and Vertex X-ray Corrections | p. 435 |
Lateral Cervical X-ray Corrections | p. 445 |
Thoraco-Lumbar Radiographic Corrections | p. 453 |
Postural Corrections | p. 461 |
Functional Pelvic Distortion Corrections | p. 467 |
Surface Electromyographic and Thermographic Changes | p. 473 |
Figure and Table Credits | p. 479 |
Index of Lead Authors and Presenting Doctors | p. 483 |
Subject Index | p. 489 |
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