| List of Figures | p. xiii |
| List of Tables | p. xv |
| List of Boxes | p. xvii |
| List of Acronyms | p. xix |
| Glossary | p. xxiii |
| List of Contributors | p. xxvii |
| Introduction | p. xxxi |
| Urban water conflicts: Background and conceptual framework | p. 1 |
| UNESCO-IHP Taskforce on Urban Water Conflicts | p. 1 |
| Socioeconomic and institutional aspects of urban water management | p. 2 |
| Definition of urban water: an impure public good | p. 4 |
| A few methodologies for analysing urban water conflicts | p. 9 |
| Conclusions | p. 13 |
| Urban water conflicts in recent European history: Changing interactions between technology, environment and society | p. 15 |
| Introduction | p. 15 |
| Governments intervene to provide long distance supply of clean water | p. 17 |
| From quantity at a distance to quality close at hand | p. 20 |
| The crisis of municipal water supply services | p. 23 |
| European water services and the three Es of sustainability | p. 25 |
| The new social issue of sustainability | p. 28 |
| Conclusion | p. 30 |
| Water, public responsibility and equity: The Barcelona 'water war' of the 1990s | p. 33 |
| Full circle? Public responsibility versus privatization of water supplies in the United States | p. 39 |
| Urban water supply before 1830 | p. 40 |
| The rise of the public water utility, 1830-1920 | p. 41 |
| Expansion of water supply systems, 1920-1945 | p. 44 |
| Metropolitan expansion and new demands on water supplies, 1945-1970 | p. 45 |
| From infrastructure crisis to privatization, 1970-2004 | p. 46 |
| Conclusion | p. 53 |
| Public-private partnership in courts: The rise and fall of concessions to supply drinking water in France (1875-1928) | p. 57 |
| Corpus and context | p. 58 |
| The origin of conflicts: is drinking water a profit-oriented service? | p. 60 |
| CE position: under a concession contract, drinking water is a profit-oriented activity | p. 62 |
| Amendments should be negotiated by the parties on the grounds of the initial contract's status quo | p. 63 |
| Local authorities had no right to renegotiate access to private service | p. 63 |
| The CE restrictions on contract termination | p. 64 |
| The consequence of CE decisions on water supply management | p. 64 |
| Conclusion | p. 66 |
| In search of (hidden) Portuguese urban water conflicts: The Lisbon water story (1856-2006) | p. 69 |
| A century of Portuguese water services: evolution, accomplishments and failures | p. 69 |
| The Lisbon water story | p. 74 |
| Liberal waters (1858-1926) | p. 74 |
| Authoritarian waters (1926-1974) | p. 78 |
| Democratic waters (1974-2006) | p. 81 |
| Urban water conflicts: from the unfinished welfare state to the new regulatory state | p. 84 |
| Concluding remarks: hidden conflicts or potential conflicts? | p. 87 |
| Water supply services in the cities of Brazil: Conflicts, challenges and new opportunities in regulation | p. 93 |
| Introduction | p. 93 |
| The institutional conflicts and challenges | p. 95 |
| Economic conflicts and challenges | p. 99 |
| Socio-environmental challenges and conflicts: social inequality and environmental degradation | p. 104 |
| New opportunities in water and services management: regulation and conflict-resolution | p. 106 |
| Urban water conflicts in Buenos Aires: Voices questioning the sustainability of the water and sewerage concession | p. 111 |
| Introduction | p. 111 |
| The social urban context | p. 112 |
| Water services before privatization | p. 112 |
| The private sector operating the largest water concession in the world | p. 113 |
| Development of the chapter | p. 115 |
| Economic sustainability issues leading to political conflict and conflict among users | p. 115 |
| Financing the expansion of the network: the SUMA conflict | p. 115 |
| Devaluation of the Argentinean peso: renegotiation of the concession contract | p. 117 |
| Social sustainability issues: bringing water services to the poor | p. 120 |
| Bringing water and sewerage networks to poor neighbourhoods | p. 120 |
| The social tariff: a response to the recent inability of Argentina's middle class to cope with the water bill | p. 123 |
| The evolution of the 'environmental question' in the context of the water sector privatization and the concession process | p. 123 |
| Water table rise, flooding and environmental conflict | p. 124 |
| Urban water conflict and environmental conflict: the Lomas de Zamora Water Forum | p. 125 |
| The 'environmental problem' and the need for a responding institution | p. 126 |
| Conclusion | p. 127 |
| In search of meaningful interdisciplinarity: Understanding urban water conflicts in Mexico | p. 129 |
| Introduction | p. 129 |
| Urban water conflicts in Mexico from a historical perspective | p. 129 |
| Urban water conflict events in Mexico | p. 132 |
| Explaining urban water conflicts | p. 139 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 142 |
| Conflict versus cooperation between the state and civil society: A water-demand management comparison between Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa | p. 147 |
| Background to the South African water context | p. 149 |
| Case study 1: Johannesburg | p. 150 |
| Institutional profile of water service provision in Johannesburg | p. 150 |
| The Gcin' Amanzi Project | p. 151 |
| Community response | p. 154 |
| Case study 2: Cape Town | p. 156 |
| The state of municipal debt: the driver behind Cape Town's WDM approach | p. 157 |
| Mfuleni pilot project | p. 158 |
| Water saving device options | p. 159 |
| CSO response | p. 161 |
| The political terrain of the two cities | p. 161 |
| Conclusion | p. 165 |
| Conflicts of influence and competing models: The boom in community-based privatization of water services in sub-Saharan Africa | p. 169 |
| Water supply systems in urban areas with no network connection | p. 171 |
| Dispelling a myth: the spread of public-private partnerships from large cities | p. 171 |
| Project-based rationale and systems involving decentralized players: behind the profusion, a model | p. 178 |
| The limitations of community-based privatization | p. 180 |
| Dysfunctions of the model… | p. 180 |
| … or an unsuitable model? | p. 181 |
| The community-based model versus the public model: ideological domination at stake | p. 184 |
| The need for efficient sectoral approaches and depoliticization of management | p. 185 |
| The supposed advantages of community-based regulation | p. 185 |
| A deep distrust of local public authorities | p. 188 |
| Conclusion | p. 190 |
| Governance failure: Urban water and conflict in Jakarta, Indonesia | p. 195 |
| Introduction: watering Jakarta | p. 195 |
| Splintered urbanism: fragmented access to urban water supply | p. 196 |
| Urban governance: the production of thirst | p. 198 |
| Going private: conflict over the water supply concession contract for the city of Jakarta | p. 202 |
| The private sector participation contract in Jakarta | p. 203 |
| Re-regulation: tariffs, profits and conflictual re-negotiation of the contract | p. 206 |
| Conflicts with water utility workers: labour-led protests and unrest | p. 207 |
| Connecting the poor? Conflict over tariffs and pricing | p. 208 |
| Pro-poor initiatives | p. 211 |
| Conclusions: governance failure | p. 214 |
| Man-made scarcity, unsustainability and urban water conflicts in Indian cities | p. 221 |
| Introduction | p. 221 |
| Our understanding of urban water conflicts | p. 222 |
| The issue of water access in Delhi | p. 223 |
| Users' strategies and cross-bred networks | p. 224 |
| The question of sustainability | p. 225 |
| A chaotic reform process and unexpected outcomes | p. 226 |
| Chennai: expanding needs and growing conflicts with peri-urban users | p. 228 |
| The central role of the peripheral groundwater | p. 229 |
| Short-term winners and losers: a transition towards conflict? | p. 230 |
| Conclusion: a common framework of weak and ineffective conflict resolution mechanisms | p. 233 |
| Urban water conflicts in the western US | p. 237 |
| Water development and the environment | p. 238 |
| Water in California and the transfer from agriculture to urban areas | p. 238 |
| Introduction to the Imperial Valley case | p. 240 |
| The decision-making process leading to trading | p. 241 |
| Decision-making in San Diego | p. 243 |
| Institutions, spatial scale and inter-regional relations | p. 245 |
| Conclusion | p. 245 |
| Urban water reform in Italy: A live bomb behind outward unanimity | p. 247 |
| The weaving of Penelope | p. 247 |
| Path towards the reform: the crisis of the traditional model | p. 249 |
| The reform | p. 254 |
| A new model for providing WSS: challenges and trade-offs | p. 257 |
| Implementing the WFD: the first challenge for the privatized water system | p. 261 |
| Conclusions | p. 265 |
| Water infrastructures between commercialization and shrinking: The case of Eastern Germany | p. 269 |
| Introduction | p. 269 |
| The German water market in transition: the main transformations in water supply and wastewater disposal | p. 270 |
| From 'flourishing landscapes' to shrinking regions: post-reunification developments in Eastern Germany | p. 272 |
| Conflicts about infrastructure supply and privatization: the case of Brandenburg and Frankfurt (Oder) | p. 275 |
| Learning from shrinking regions | p. 279 |
| Urban water conflicts and sustainability: An ecological-economic approach | p. 285 |
| Introduction | p. 285 |
| Sustainability and carrying capacity in the water domain | p. 286 |
| The parabola of urban water systems | p. 291 |
| The 'further from farther' crisis | p. 291 |
| Modernization and sustainability of urban water management | p. 294 |
| Drivers of modernization | p. 296 |
| Towards a general understanding of UWC | p. 299 |
| Conflicts as indicators of urban water sustainability | p. 299 |
| Interpretative frames: actors in conflict | p. 300 |
| Interpretative frames: categories of conflict | p. 305 |
| Index | p. 311 |
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