Urinary Tract Stone Disease

Basic sciences I:.- Epidemiology.- Genetics and Molecular Biology of Renal Stones.- Physico-Chemical Aspects of Uro-Crystallization and Stone Formation.- The Possible Roles of Inhibitors, Promoters and Macromolecules in the Formation of Calcium Kidney Stones.- Renal Cellular Dysfunction/Damage and the Formation of Kidney Stones.- Interaction of Stone Components with Cells and Tissues.- Randall's Plaques.- Dietary Factors.- Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Stones.- Stone Diseases in Animals.- Pathogenesis of Stones: Summary of Current Concepts.- Basic sciences II:.- Calcium Metabolism and Hypercalciuria.- Vitamin D Metabolism and Stones.- Urinary Citrate and Citrate Metabolism.- Uric Acid Metabolism and Uric Acid Stones.- Oxalate Metabolism and the Primary Hyperoxalurias.- Cystinuria and Cystine Stones.- Urinary Infection and Struvite Stones.- Drug-Induced Renal Stones.- Endemic Bladder Stones.- Economic Implications of Medical and Surgical Management.- Basic sciences III:.- What Are Shock Waves?.- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotriptors.- Biological Effects Produced by High-Energy Shock Waves.- Intracoporeal Non-Laser Lithotripsy.- Laser Lithotripsy Physics.- Alternative Laser Energy Sources - Clinical Implications.- Diagnostic and labarotory methods:.- Imaging for Stones.- Urinary Stone Analysis.- Risk Indices.- Blood and Urinary Tests in Stone-Formers.- Crystallization and Other Studies.- Experimental Models for Investigation of Stone Disease.- Clinical Trials in Stone Disease.- Paediatric stone disease:.- Epidemiology of Pediatric Urolithiasis.- Metabolic Stone Disease in Children.- The Role of Minimally Invasive Techniques.- Surgical management I:.- Indications for Surgical Removal, Including Asymptomatic Stones.- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy:.- Extracarporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Renal Stones.- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Ureteral Stones.- Surgical management II:.- Endoscopy:.- Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.- Ureteroscopy for Ureteric Stones.- Indications for and Technique of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Renal Stones.- Urolithiasis in Pregnancy.- Surgical Management of Urolithiasis in Transplanted Kidneys.- Stents and Stenting.- Flexible Ureterorenoscopy: Tips and Tricks.- Training Implications for Stone Management.- Surgical management III: Open surgery:.- Open Surgery to Remove Stones - When And How?.- Autotransplantation and Ureteric Replacement - In Whom and How?.- Liver and Renal Transplantation in Primary Hyperoxaluria.- Chemolytic Treatment of Patients with Urinary Tract Stones.- Medical management.- Establishment and Management of a Stone Clinic.- Medical Expulsive Therapy.- Metabolic Investigations: When and In Whom.- Medical Management of Idiopathic Calcium Stone Disease.- Medical Management: Uric Acid and Cystine Stones.- Medical Management of Struvite Stones.- Dietary Assessment and Advice.- Stone Management in the Presence of Morbid Obesity.