Verification of Communication Protocols in Web Services

PREFACE xi

1 INTRODUCTION: SERVICE RELIABILITY 1

1.1 Motivation 4

1.2 Technical Challenges 5

1.3 Summary of Earlier Solutions 7

1.4 Summary of New Ways to Verify Web Services 8

1.5 Structure of the Book 10

References 11

2 MODEL CHECKING 15

2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Model Checking 18

2.2 State-Space Explosion 19

2.3 Model-Checking Tools 22

References 25

3 PETRI NETS 27

3.1 Colored Petri Nets 31

3.1.1 CPN ML 31

3.1.2 CPN Syntax and Semantics 35

3.1.3 Timed Colored Petri Nets 41

3.1.4 Multisets 47

3.1.5 CPN Definitions 47

3.2 Hierarchical Colored Petri Nets 49

References 55

4 WEB SERVICES 57

4.1 Business Process Execution Language 59

4.2 Spring Framework 70

4.3 JAXB 2 APIs 74

4.3.1 Unmarshaling XML Documents 74

4.3.2 Marshaling Java Objects 75

References 76

5 MEMORY-EFFICIENT STATE-SPACE ANALYSIS IN SOFTWARE MODEL CHECKING 77

5.1 Motivation 78

5.2 Overview of the Problem and Solution 79

5.3 Related Work 83

5.4 Models for Memory-Efficient State-Space Analysis 86

5.4.1 Sequential Model 87

5.4.2 Tree Model 98

5.5 Experimental Results 108

5.6 Discussion 112

5.7 Summary 113

References 113

6 TIME-EFFICIENT STATE-SPACE ANALYSIS IN SOFTWARE MODEL CHECKING 115

6.1 Motivation 116

6.2 Overview of the Problem and Solution 118

6.3 Overview of Hierarchical Colored Petri Nets 119

6.4 Related Work 123

6.5 Technique for Time-Efficient State-Space Analysis 125

6.5.1 Access Tables and Parameterized Reachability Graph 126

6.5.2 Exploring a Module 129

6.5.3 Access Table and Parameterized Reachability Graph for a Super-module 134

6.5.4 Algorithms for Generating Access Tables and Parameterized Reachability Graphs 137

6.5.5 Additional Memory Cost for Storing Access Tables and Parameterized Reachability Graphs 143

6.5.6 Theoretical Evaluation of the Reduction in Delay 145

6.6 Experimental Results 149

6.7 Discussion 151

6.8 Summary 152

References 153

7 GENERATING HIERARCHICAL MODELS BY IDENTIFYING STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES 155

7.1 Motivation 156

7.2 Overview of the Problem and Solution 158

7.3 Basics of Substitution Transition 160

7.4 Related Work 161

7.5 Method for Installing Hierarchy 162

7.5.1 Lookup Method 163

7.5.2 Clustering Method 189

7.5.3 Time Complexity of the Lookup Algorithm 193

7.6 Experimental Results 194

7.7 Discussion 201

7.8 Summary 202

References 203

8 FRAMEWORK FOR MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VERIFICATION OF A BPEL SPECIFICATION 205

8.1 Motivation 206

8.2 Overview of the Problem and Solution 208

8.3 Related Work 209

8.4 Colored Petri Net Semantics for BPEL 211

8.4.1 Component A 211

8.4.2 Component B 214

8.4.3 Object Model for BPEL Activities 217

8.4.4 XML Templates 221

8.4.5 Algorithm for Cloning Templates 234

8.5 Results 236

8.6 Discussion 241

8.7 Summary 242

References 242

9 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 245

9.1 Results 246

9.2 Discussion 249

9.3 What Could Be Improved?  251

References 252

INDEX 255