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Water Resources Systems Analysis - Banafsheh Zahraie

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Water Resources Systems Analysis

Name: Water Resources Systems Analysis
Brand: Taylor & Francis Inc
Price: 384.25 AUD
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By: Banafsheh Zahraie, Mohammad Karamouz, Ferenc Szidarovszky

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Hardcover | 27 June 2003 | Edition Number 1

At a Glance

Hardcover
608 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
24.0 x 16.0 x 3.18

Hardcover

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Focusing on conflict resolution, Water Resources Systems Analysis discusses systematic approaches to the mathematical modeling of various water resources issues, which helps decision-makers allocate water effectively and efficiently. Readers will gain an understanding of simulation, optimization, multi-criterion-decision-making, as well as engineering economics and time series analysis, all necessary for successful water systems analysis. The book explores recent developments in surface and groundwater systems optimization and modeling, and it relates these to real field applications and case studies. Supported by essential mathematical tools, this book gives current and future hydrologists, water resources managers, and civil engineers a logical reference for prioritizing and addressing critical issues such as flood control, power generation, and water quality management.

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Accounting & Finance Finance Property & Real Estate Engineering & Technology Civil Engineering Environmental Science Sanitary & Municipal Engineering Water Supply & Treatment Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning Earth Sciences Hydrology & The Hydrosphere

Industry & Industrial Studies Energy Industries & Utilities Water Industries Energy Technology & Engineering Alternative & Renewable Energy Sources & Technology

Introduction	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Availability of Water on Earth and Water Use	p. 4
Water Resources Systems: Basic Concepts	p. 4
System Definition and Properties	p. 6
Hydrologic Systems and Modeling Approaches	p. 9
Hydrologic Cycle	p. 9
Hydrologic Variables and Parameters	p. 11
Conflict Issues in Water Resources Planning and Management	p. 12
Decision Tools in Water Resources Management	p. 13
References	p. 19
Decision Making: Optimization and Conflict Resolution	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
Single-Criterion Optimization	p. 22
Multiple-Criteria Optimization	p. 30
Sequential Optimization	p. 35
The [varepsilon]-Constraint Method	p. 36
The Weighting Method	p. 36
Direction-Based Method	p. 41
Distance-Based Methods	p. 44
Group Decision Making	p. 48
Conflict Resolution	p. 52
Special Methodology	p. 55
Dynamic Programming	p. 55
Genetic Algorithms	p. 60
Problems	p. 63
References	p. 66
Decision Making under Uncertainty	p. 67
Introduction	p. 67
Probabilistic Methods	p. 67
Random Variables	p. 67
Central Tendencies and Variances	p. 75
Joint Distributions	p. 79
Simulation Models	p. 82
Neural Networks	p. 82
Observers	p. 84
Stochastic Simulation	p. 86
Measures of Reliability	p. 89
Stochastic Processes	p. 95
Markov Chains	p. 96
Optimization under Uncertainty	p. 100
Chance-Constrained Programming	p. 101
Stochastic Dynamic Programming	p. 102
Risk, Uncertainty, and Bayesian Decision Theory	p. 103
Risk and Value of Information	p. 104
Bayesian Decision Making	p. 105
Conjugate Distribution Families	p. 106
Fuzzy Sets and Parameter Imprecision	p. 108
Problems	p. 112
References	p. 115
Water Resources Economics	p. 117
Introduction	p. 117
Benefits and Costs	p. 117
Money-Time Relationship	p. 119
Future Value and Present Value of Money	p. 120
Future Value of Money and End-of-Period Cash Flows	p. 121
Present Value of Money and End-of-Period Cash Flows	p. 121
Future Value of Money and End-of-Period Uniform Gradient Cash Flows	p. 122
Present Value of Money and End-of-Period Uniform Gradient Cash Flows	p. 122
End-of-Period Cash Flows and End-of-Period Uniform Gradient Cash Flows	p. 123
Economic Analysis of Multiple Alternatives	p. 126
Present Worth Method	p. 126
Future Worth Method	p. 128
Annual Worth Method	p. 129
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Method	p. 129
The External Rate of Return Method	p. 130
Comparing Alternatives Using the Rate of Return Method	p. 131
Economic Evaluation of Projects Using the Benefit-Cost Ratio Method	p. 132
Public vs. Private Projects and Goods	p. 135
Economic Models	p. 136
Production Functions	p. 136
Resource-Supply Functions	p. 137
Demand Functions	p. 137
Efficiency and Equity in Economic Analysis	p. 138
Problems	p. 141
References	p. 143
Time Series Analysis	p. 145
Introduction	p. 145
Stochastic Processes	p. 145
Hydrologic Time Series Modeling: Basic Steps	p. 147
Data Preparation	p. 147
Methods of Parameter Estimation	p. 152
Method of Moments	p. 152
Method of Least Squares	p. 153
Method of Maximum Likelihood	p. 154
Goodness of Fit Tests	p. 155
Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test	p. 155
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness of Fit Test	p. 157
Tests of Normality	p. 158
Tests of Independence in Time	p. 161
Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC)	p. 166
Data Generation and Forecasting	p. 167
Autoregressive Modeling	p. 167
Moving Average Process	p. 171
Autoregressive Moving Average Modeling	p. 172
Data Generation and Forecasting Using ARMA Models	p. 173
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Modeling	p. 173
Time Series Forecasting Using ARIMA Models	p. 175
Multivariate and Disaggregation Modeling of Time Series	p. 175
Multivariate Modeling	p. 175
Disaggregation Modeling	p. 179
Problems	p. 181
References	p. 183
Appendix A	p. 185
Appendix B	p. 187
River Basin Modeling	p. 191
Introduction	p. 191
Watershed: Definition and Characteristics	p. 191
Watershed Geomorphology	p. 191
Drainage Area	p. 191
Watershed Length	p. 193
Watershed Slope	p. 193
Watershed Shape	p. 193
Soil Characteristics	p. 195
Soil Texture	p. 195
Soil Structure	p. 195
Soil Moisture	p. 195
Data Requirements	p. 196
Hydrologic and Climatologic Data	p. 196
Physical Characteristics	p. 197
Hydrologic Characteristics	p. 198
Inflow and Outflow	p. 200
Demand Points	p. 200
Control Points	p. 201
Critical Points	p. 201
Water Quality Requirements for Various Uses	p. 201
Return Flows and Drainage	p. 201
Sampling Network	p. 202
Objectives	p. 202
Water Supply	p. 202
Flood Control	p. 204
Flood Control Alternatives	p. 205
Management Tools	p. 207
Streamflow and Excess Water Estimation	p. 207
Streamflow Estimation in Homogenous Basins	p. 207
Unit Hydrograph As a Tool	p. 209
Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation: Thornthwaite Method	p. 210
Infiltration Estimation: Green-Ampt Method	p. 211
Simulation Models	p. 212
Hydrologic Simulation Models	p. 212
Object-Oriented Simulation Models	p. 224
Optimization Models	p. 226
Water Allocation in Multi-User Systems	p. 226
River Quality Management	p. 228
Calibration of Hydrologic Simulation Models	p. 229
Conflict Issues in River Systems	p. 229
Problems	p. 232
References	p. 235
Groundwater Management	p. 239
Introduction	p. 239
Characteristics of Groundwater Systems	p. 239
Hydraulic Properties of Soils and Groundwater	p. 239
Groundwater Flow Equations	p. 243
The Continuity Equation	p. 243
Equation of Motion in Groundwater	p. 246
The Groundwater Flow Equation	p. 248
Groundwater Modeling	p. 250
The Flow Net	p. 250
Numerical Methods	p. 252
Finite-Difference Numerical Model Basics	p. 253
Finite-Element Methods	p. 263
Grid Design	p. 269
Parameter Estimation and Model Calibration	p. 269
Model Verification	p. 270
Predictions and Post Audits	p. 270
Management Tools	p. 271
Groundwater Simulation Models	p. 271
Graphic Groundwater	p. 271
MODFLOW	p. 271
Safe Yield Estimation	p. 272
Optimization Models for Groundwater Management	p. 272
Optimization Model for Groundwater Operation	p. 273
Optimization Model for Capacity Expansion	p. 274
Optimization Model for Water Allocation	p. 276
Optimization Model for Conjunctive Water Use	p. 277
Conflict Issues in Groundwater Systems	p. 284
Problems	p. 290
References	p. 293
River-Reservoir Systems Modeling	p. 295
Introduction	p. 295
Data Collection and Processing	p. 295
Inflow	p. 295
Water Demands	p. 296
Physical Characteristics	p. 298
Types of Dams	p. 298
Ancillary Facilities	p. 299
Hydropower Facilities	p. 300
Objectives	p. 301
Water Supply: Reservoir Storage Zones	p. 302
Power Generation	p. 302
Flood Control	p. 303
Navigation Requirements	p. 303
Environmental Water Rights	p. 303
Capacity Expansion	p. 304
Interbasin Water Transfer	p. 304
Optimal Sizing of a Single Reservoir System	p. 307
Reliability-Based Design	p. 309
Sedimentation and Dredging	p. 310
Reservoir Operation Optimization	p. 311
Water Supply with Monthly Varying Release	p. 311
Flood Control	p. 313
Application of Deterministic Dynamic Programming in Reservoir Operation: DPR Model	p. 316
Stochastic Reservoir Operation Modeling	p. 319
Stochastic Linear Programming	p. 320
Chance Constraint Reservoir Operation Model	p. 320
Stochastic Dynamic Programming Model	p. 322
Reservoir Storage Discretization	p. 323
Reservoir Inflow Discretization	p. 324
BSDP and DDSP Models	p. 328
Multiple Reservoir Operation Modeling	p. 334
Cascade Reservoirs	p. 334
Parallel Reservoirs	p. 335
Reservoir Operating Rules	p. 337
Cost Functions	p. 340
Efficiency of Operating Policies	p. 343
Reliability	p. 344
Resiliency	p. 344
Vulnerability	p. 345
Conflict Issues in River-Reservoir Systems	p. 346
Problems	p. 356
References	p. 360
Water Quality Management	p. 363
Introduction	p. 363
Principles of Water Quality Systems Analysis	p. 363
Water Pollutants and Their Principal Sources	p. 363
Oxygen-Demanding Material	p. 364
Nutrients	p. 364
Pathogens	p. 364
Suspended Solids	p. 364
Salts	p. 365
Toxic Metals and Organic Compounds	p. 365
Heat	p. 365
Water Quality Criteria and Standards for Water Use	p. 365
Drinking Water Supply	p. 366
Industrial Water Supply	p. 366
Agricultural Water Supply	p. 366
Aquatic Life	p. 367
Pollutant Material Balance in Surface Water	p. 367
Water Quality Monitoring	p. 369
Water Quality Variable Selection	p. 370
Location of Water Quality Monitoring Stations	p. 371
Surface Water Quality Management	p. 382
River Water Quality Management	p. 382
Low Flow Determination	p. 383
Computer Models for Streamwater Quality Simulation	p. 384
QUAL2E Model	p. 386
WASP5	p. 386
Simple Streamwater Quality Models	p. 387
Oxygen Sag Model	p. 387
Simple Water Quality Model for Multiple-Discharge Streams	p. 393
Water Quality Management Models for Rivers and Streams	p. 395
Deterministic Approach	p. 395
Stochastic Approach	p. 408
Lake and Reservoir Water Quality Management	p. 412
Stratification and Turnover	p. 413
Eutrophication	p. 414
River-Reservoir Simulation Model Packages	p. 414
HEC-5Q	p. 414
Reservoir Water Quality Management	p. 416
Conflict Resolution in Surface Water Quality Management	p. 419
Groundwater Quality Management	p. 422
Introduction	p. 422
Sources of Groundwater Contamination	p. 422
Contaminant Transport in the Saturated Zone	p. 422
Optimization Model for Groundwater Quality Management	p. 426
Problems	p. 428
References	p. 438
Hydroelectric Systems Analysis	p. 441
Introduction	p. 441
Basic Definitions	p. 441
Components of Hydropower Plants	p. 443
Data Requirements	p. 445
Hydrologic Data	p. 445
Physical Characteristics	p. 445
Power Load and Reliability of Power Systems	p. 446
Non-Power Operating Criteria	p. 449
Methods for Estimating Power Potential	p. 449
The Flow-Duration Method	p. 449
Sequential Streamflow Routing (SSR) Method	p. 453
Hydropower Reservoir Operation	p. 459
Long-Term Planning Models	p. 463
Mid-Term Planning Models	p. 465
Short-Term Planning Models	p. 465
Real-Time Operation Models	p. 466
Hydrothermal Coordination	p. 467
Conflict Issues in the Operation of Hydropower Systems	p. 474
Problems	p. 479
References	p. 481
Water Demand Analysis and Management	p. 483
Introduction	p. 483
Water Use and Demand: Basic Definitions	p. 484
Water Demand Forecasting for Regional and National Planning	p. 486
Water Supply Issues	p. 488
Rainwater Collection	p. 488
Desalination	p. 488
Artificial Recharge	p. 490
Groundwater Dams	p. 490
Weather Modification	p. 491
Flow Measurement Equipment	p. 491
Flow Measurement in Pipes	p. 491
Flow Measurement in Open Channels and Rivers	p. 492
Municipal Water Demand	p. 492
Municipal Water Demand Estimation and Forecasting	p. 492
Elements of Urban Water Distribution Networks	p. 496
Municipal Water Demand Management Measures	p. 498
Water Loss Reduction	p. 498
Economic Incentives and Water Pricing	p. 500
Institutional Measurements and Effective Legislation	p. 500
Water Reuse	p. 501
Agricultural Water Demand	p. 501
Irrigation Methods	p. 503
Drainage and Salinity Control	p. 508
Agricultural Water Demand Management	p. 509
Increasing Irrigation Efficiency	p. 509
Development of the Proper Crop Mix	p. 510
Soil Development and Management	p. 511
Industrial Water Demand Management	p. 511
Environmental Water Demands	p. 512
Water Reuse	p. 513
Treatment Options for Wastewater Reuse	p. 515
Preliminary Process	p. 515
Primary Treatment	p. 515
Secondary Treatment	p. 517
Advanced Wastewater Treatment	p. 518
Gray Water: Definition and Reuse Issues	p. 519
Conflict Issues in Water Demand Management	p. 520
Problems	p. 525
References	p. 526
Drought Management	p. 529
Introduction	p. 529
Drought Definition	p. 529
Drought Preparedness/Management	p. 530
Climatic Drought	p. 532
Point Evaluation	p. 532
Fitting Statistical Distribution	p. 532
Analysis of Moving Averages	p. 534
Point Evaluation of Drought Events on a Monthly Scale	p. 537
Regional Analysis of Climatic Drought	p. 545
Weighting Method	p. 545
Median of Ratios Method	p. 547
Combined Method	p. 547
Prediction of Drought Trends	p. 549
Hydrologic Drought: Definition and Background	p. 550
Run Theory	p. 552
Probability Distribution Function of Drought Characteristics	p. 552
Reservoir Operation and Demand Allocation	p. 553
Agricultural Drought: Definition and Background	p. 553
Thornthwaite Water Balance Model	p. 553
Agricultural Drought Indicators	p. 554
Potential Evapotranspiration	p. 555
Soil Moisture Condition	p. 555
Runoff Calculation	p. 556
Potential Climatic Values	p. 557
Geostatistic Tools in Drought Studies	p. 565
Kriging	p. 567
Spatial Kriging in Drought Studies	p. 570
Spatiotemporal Kriging	p. 571
Problems	p. 574
References	p. 577
Index	p. 579
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

Water Resources Systems Analysis

At a Glance

Hardcover

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